Fieber entsteht über eine Temperatursollwertverstellung im Hypothalamus. Neben vielen
Infektionskrankheiten können systemische und organbezogene Autoimmunerkrankungen,
Malignome, granulomatöse Erkrankungen, Endokrinopathien, Thrombophlebitiden beziehungsweise
Thromboembolien, Hämatome und verschiedenartig bedingte Gewebsnekrosen sowie allergische
Reaktionen (u. a. auf Medikamente) Fieber verursachen. Die Ursachen von Fieber unklarer
Genese sind vielfältig. Negative Blutkulturen machen eine bakterielle Endokarditis
unwahrscheinlich, schließen sie jedoch nicht aus. Weitere infektionsserologische Untersuchungen
betreffen Q-Fieber, Bartonellose, Brucellose, Syphilis, Lyme-Borreliose, Yersiniose
und Hepatitis C. Die Spezifität von Borrelien-Antikörpern muss mittels Western-Blot-Analyse
geklärt werden. Bildgebende Verfahren helfen beispielsweise bei der Identifikation
von Abszessen, vergrößerten Lymphknoten oder dem Nachweis einer Sinusitis. Bildgebend
auffällige Areale können biopsiert werden, um weitere Aufschlüsse zu bekommen. Die
Fiebersenkung sollte medikamentös erfolgen, physikalische Maßnahmen sind nur zusätzlich
zu erwägen - je nach Fieberhöhe, der subjektiven Beeinträchtigung und medizinischen
Risiken durch Fieberfolgen und Begleiterkrankungen.
”Fever" is due to a shift in the set temperature of the hypothalamus. This may be
due to a plethora of causes, such as a wide range of infectious diseases, systemic
and organ-related autoimmune diseases, malignomas, granulomatous diseases, endocrinopathies,
thrombophlebitides or thromboembolisms, hematomas and a variety of tissue necroses
as well as allergic reactions (including reactions to certain medical preparations),
all of which may be responsible for running a high temperature. Hence, there may be
many causes of fever of unknown origin. Whereas negative blood cultures render bacterial
endocarditis improbable, they do not exclude it. It may be mandatory to explore the
causes of an undefined fever still further: for example, serological probing must
consider ”Q" fever, bartonellosis, brucellosis, syphilis, Lyme borreliosis, yersiniosis
and hepatitis C. Western blot analysis must be employed to clarify the specificity
of Borrelia antibodies. Imaging methods, for example, are helpful in identifying abscesses,
enlarged lymph nodes or to identify sinusitis. It is possible to perform biopsies
of areas that appear suspect when imaged. Reducing fever should be effected by appropriate
medication; physical methods must be merely supplementary. It all depends on the severity
of the fever, the patient's subjective feeling and the risks associated with the sequels
of fever and with concomitant diseases.
Key words
fever - fever caused by serologically defined infections - imaging methods - reducing
fever
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. med. Winfried V. Kern
Zentrum Infektiologie und Reisemedizin Medizinische Klinik Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
Hugstetter Straße 55
79106 Freiburg
Email: info@if-freiburg.de
URL: http://www.if-freiburg.de