Clinical Course of GM₁ Gangliosidoses

Abstract

The GM₁ gangliosidoses are clinically characterized by the combination of a degenerative process in the brain and of storage phenomena in extra-neural tissues, particularly in bones and visceral organs. Phenotypic variability is pronounced. "Classical" types, according to the age at onset, are infantile ("generalized"), juvenile, and adult forms. In rare variants, the degenerative process may be restricted to the basal ganglia and cause dystonia musculorum deformans, or it may cause infantile cardiomyopathy. Much of this variability may be explained by variable residual activities of the deficient β-galactosidase towards various substrates.

Key words

Ganglioside storage disorder - β-Galactosidase deficiency - Clinical symptoms