Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) findet im klinischen Alltag zunehmend Verbreitung,
ist aber für Träger von Herzschrittmachern und implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillatoren
(ICDs) kontraindiziert. In dieser Studie wurde näher untersucht, unter welchen Umständen
im MRT potentiell lebensbedrohliche Arrhythmien ausgelöst werden können und ob diesem
Problem durch Programmierung des Aggregats begegnet werden kann.
Methodik: Acht Schrittmacher und sieben ICDs wurden mit verschiedenen Programmierungen im Phantom
bei 1,5 Tesla (Experimental- und Bildgebungs-Sequenzen) getestet.
Ergebnisse: Bei vier Schrittmachern kam es zum Abfall der Batteriespannung (Austauschindikation),
bei drei davon zusätzlich zu Änderungen in der Programmierung (Reset). Bei den getesteten
ICDs traten solche Veränderungen nicht auf, jedoch wurden abhängig von den verwendeten
Pulssequenzen bei allen Modellen tachykarde Episoden während der MRT angezeigt.
Folgerung: Die elektromagnetischen Felder im MRT sind bereits unter klinischen Routinebedingungen
in der Lage, schwere Funktionsstörungen bei Herzschrittmachern zu verursachen. Bestimmte
Aggregat-Programmierungen sind nur bedingt geeignet, die Patienten-Sicherheit im MRT
zu erhöhen, da stets mit Verlust beziehungsweise unvorhersehbaren Änderungen der Programmierung
gerechnet werden muss.
Summary
Background and objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in patients, but it is contraindicated
in those with cardiac pacemakers (CP) or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD).
This study examined circumstances in which potentially life-threatening arrhythmias
may be triggered in patients with CP undergoing MRI and whether these problems can
be avoided by reprogramming of these devices.
Methods: Eight CP and seven ICDs were investigated in a phantom at 1.5 tesla (experimental
and imaging sequences).
Results: A decrease in battery voltage was found in four CP after MRI (indication for elective
replacement). Additionally, three showed changes in programming (resets). Analogous
changes did not appear in the tested ICDs, but periods of tachycardia were recorded
in all types of devices during MRI depending on the pulse sequence employed.
Conclusion: MRI-related electromagnetic fields as used in routine MRI can induce severe pacemaker
device malfunctions. Device programming approaches are unreliable for prevention of
patient hazards, as programming changes or resets are one of the primary malfunctions
during MRI.
Schlüsselwörter
Herzschrittmacher - Aggregatfunktion - Magnetresonanztomographen - implantierbare
Kardioverter-Defibrillatoren
Key words
magnetic field effects - cardiac pacemaker functioning - magnetic resonance imaging
- implantable cardioverter defibrillator
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Dr. Peter Nordbeck
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I der Universität Würzburg
Josef-Schneider-Str. 2
97080 Würzburg
Telefon: + 49/931/888-5157
Fax: + 49/931/888-5851
eMail: nordbeck@physik.uni-wuerzburg.de