Bei längeren Aufenthalten in Quasi-Schwerelosigkeit ist künstliche Schwerkraft vermutlich
unerlässlich, um Knochen und kardiovaskuläre Fitness zu erhalten. Die dazu erforderlichen
Zentrifugen (oder gar rotierende Raumschiffe) stellen besondere Anforderungen an die
vestibuläre Adaptation. Es steht außer Frage, dass vestibuläre Adaptation stattfindet.
Fraglich ist jedoch, ob sie ohne die typischen Nebeneffekte von Übelkeit und Desorientierung
ebenfalls möglich ist. Im Gegensatz zu den üblichen Experimenten mit provokanten überschwelligen
Coriolis-Stimulationen, haben wir mit schwellennahen beziehungsweise sehr kurzen Stimulationen
gearbeitet. Schwellennahe Adaptation ist möglich. Dabei scheint das vestibuläre System
zwar durch Training empfindlicher auf Beschleunigungen zu reagieren, allerdings wird
diese gesteigerte Sensitivität durch die verbesserte Interpretation der vestibulären
Signale mehr als ausgeglichen.
Artificial gravity appears to be the countermeasure of choice in order to preserve
bone density and cardiovascular fitness during prolonged stays in microgravity. The
centrifuges (or even rotating spaceships) which are necessary for artificial gravity
pose a serious challenge for neuro-vestibular adaptation. While there is no doubt
that vestibular adaptation takes place, it is questionable if adaptation is also possible
without the typical side effects of nausea and disorientation. In contrast to the
usual experiments with provocative Coriolis stimulation above perceptual threshold,
we worked with near-threshold and very brief stimulations respectively. Near-threshold
adaptation is possible. The vestibular system seems to react to training by increasing
its sensitivity to Coriolis stimulation while at the same time reducing the disturbing
side-effect, probably by higher-level re-interpretation of the vestibular signals.
Key words
vestibular system - near-threshold adaptation - training - motion sickness
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. Heiko Hecht
Psychologisches Institut der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
Staudingerweg 9
55099 Mainz
eMail: hecht@uni-mainz.de