Autoimmune encephalitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Lívia Almeida Dutra; Fabiano Abrantes; Fabio Fieni Toso; José Luiz Pedroso; Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini; Romana Hoftberger

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20170176

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, Table of Contents

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2018; 76(01): 41-49
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20170176

REVIEW

Autoimmune encephalitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment

Encefalites autoimunes: uma revisão sobre diagnóstico e tratamento

Lívia Almeida Dutra

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

²Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

,

Fabiano Abrantes

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

,

Fabio Fieni Toso

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

,

José Luiz Pedroso

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

,

Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini

¹Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, São Paulo SP, Brasil;

,

Romana Hoftberger

³Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Neurology, Vienna, Austria.

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors, infections, or it may be cryptogenic. The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks. There are a variety of clinical manifestations including behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, autonomic disturbances, movement disorders, and seizures. We reviewed common forms of AIE and discuss their diagnostic approach and treatment.

RESUMO

As encefalites autoimunes (EAI) são a principal causa de encefalite não-infecciosa. As manifestações neurológicas são variadas, incluindo alterações comportamentais ou psiquiátricas, disautonomia, transtornos do movimento e epilepsia. Habitualmente a instalação dos sintomas ocorre em até 6 semanas, de forma aguda ou subaguda. As EAI podem ser desencadeadas por tumores, quadros infecciosos virais ou ainda apresentar etiologia criptogênica. Este artigo revisa as principais EAI, estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento.

encephalitis - antibodies, neoplasm - status epilepticus - anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis - immunoglobulin - rituximab

encefalites - anticorpos antineoplásicos - status epiléptico - encefalite antirreceptor de N-Metil-D-Aspartato - imunoglobulinas - rituximab

Full Text

References

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