Effect of diabetes on central macular thickness quantitatively measured using optical coherence tomography at Sidi-Hussein Health Center, Benghazi, Libya

Mervat Omear; Samar Bukhatwa; Fatma Benkhaial

doi:10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_22_19

Libyan International Medical University Journal, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Libyan International Medical University Journal 2019; 04(02): 49-55
DOI: 10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_22_19

Original Article

Effect of diabetes on central macular thickness quantitatively measured using optical coherence tomography at Sidi-Hussein Health Center, Benghazi, Libya

Autor*innen

Mervat Omear

Department of Ophthalmology, Sidi Hussein Health Center, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
Samar Bukhatwa

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
Fatma Benkhaial

²Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of decreased vision in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its detection needs equipment and skills. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an objective technique that can measure retinal morphologic characteristic which help improving diagnosis and treatment. Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of OCT macula in the screening for DME in patients with diabetes by comparing it to clinical funduscopy in addition to assessing the relationship between central macular thickness (CMT) as measured by OCT macula and the visual acuity of patient. Settings and Design: A retrospective study was done at Sidi Hussein Health center/Benghazi in the period between 2014 and 2017. Subjects and Methods: The data of 393 (786 eyes) patients with diabetes (type II) were reviewed. Cases characteristics records were extracted in addition to fundus examination records (done by noncontact +90-diopter lens). The records of OCT (CMT) were evaluated for agreement with the subjective fundus examination and in relation to other measures. Data were presented as frequencies and the statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (Windows version 17.0; SPSS Inc., USA). Results: Around 537 eyes (82%) of eyes with mild DME as diagnosed by OCT were having no DR when examined subjectively. With OCT, it was found that 555 eyes (85%) with mild DME were having good visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution 0.3 and less). About 10 eyes (71%) having severe DME were having duration of diabetes of 10–20 years. Conclusions: OCT is a noninvasive method that can objectively detect and quantify early DME before it affects the vision of patients and it is strongly recommended that this should be the technique of choice for detecting and screening of DME in Libyan patients.

Key-words:

Benghazi - central macular thickness - diabetic retinopathy - Libya - optical coherence tomography

Volltext

Referenzen

References
1 International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 7th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2015. Available from: https://www.idf.org/e-library/epidemiology-research/diabetes-atlas/13-diabetes-atlas-seventh-edition.html. [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 17].
2 Available from: http://www.bsc.ly/. [Last accessed on 2018 Apr 17].
3 Kadiki OA, Roaeid RB. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Benghazi Libya. Diabetes Metab 2001;27:647-54.
4 Yau JW, Rogers SL, Kawasaki R, Lamoureux EL, Kowalski JW, Bek T, et al. Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2012;35:556-64.
5 Roaeid RB, Kadiki OA. Prevalence of long-term complications among type 2 diabetic patients in Benghazi, Libya. J Diabetol 2011;3:5.
6 Massin P, Girach A, Erginay A, Gaudric A. Optical coherence tomography: A key to the future management of patients with diabetic macular oedema. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2006;84:466-74.
7 Richer S. Exam room, chair side evaluation of retinal edema: Improving accuracy and precision for identification of subclinical diabetic macular edema. Optometry 2007;78:664-73.
8 Brown JC, Solomon SD, Bressler SB, Schachat AP, DiBernardo C, Bressler NM, et al. Detection of diabetic foveal edema: Contact lens biomicroscopy compared with optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:330-5.
9 Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study report number 1. Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study research group. Arch Ophthalmol 1985;103:1796-806.
10 Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study design and baseline patient characteristics. ETDRS report number 7. Ophthalmology 1991;98:741-56.
11 Brun SC, Bressler SB, Maguire MG, Heiner C, Bressler NM, Schachat AP. A comparison of fundus biomicroscopy and 90 diopter lens examination in the detection of diabetic clinically significant macular edema [ARVO abstract]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:718.
12 Available from: http://www.ophthalmicdata.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/optical_coherence_tomography.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018 May 12].
13 Sánchez-Tocino H, Alvarez-Vidal A, Maldonado MJ, Moreno-Montañés J, García-Layana A. Retinal thickness study with optical coherence tomography in patients with diabetes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:1588-94.
14 Lattanzio R, Brancato R, Pierro L, Bandello F, Iaccher B, Fiore T, et al. Macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in diabetic patients. Eur J Ophthalmol 2002;12:482-7.
15 Adhi M, Aziz S, Muhammad K, Adhi MI. Macular thickness by age and gender in healthy eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 2012;7:e37638.
16 Ooto S, Hangai M, Sakamoto A, Tomidokoro A, Araie M, Otani T, et al. Three-dimensional profile of macular retinal thickness in normal Japanese eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51:465-73.
17 Sugimoto M, Sasoh M, Ido M, Wakitani Y, Takahashi C, Uji Y. Detection of early diabetic change with optical coherence tomography in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without retinopathy. Ophthalmologica 2005;219:379-85.
18 Chan A, Duker JS, Ko TH, Fujimoto JG, Schuman JS. Normal macular thickness measurements in healthy eyes using stratus optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:193-8.
19 Strøm C, Sander B, Larsen N, Larsen M, Lund-Andersen H. Diabetic macular edema assessed with optical coherence tomography and stereo fundus photography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:241-5.
20 Schimel AM, Fisher YL, Flynn HW Jr. Optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of diabetic macular edema: Time-domain versus spectral-domain. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2011;42:S41-55.
21 Goatman KA. A reference standard for the measurement of macular oedema. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:1197-202.
22 Goebel W, Franke R. Retinal thickness in diabetic retinopathy: Comparison of optical coherence tomography, the retinal thickness analyzer, and fundus photography. Retina 2006;26:49-57.
23 Antcliff RJ, Stanford MR, Chauhan DS, Graham EM, Spalton DJ, Shilling JS, et al. Comparison between optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography for the detection of cystoid macular edema in patients with uveitis. Ophthalmology 2000;107:593-9.
24 Ozdek SC, Erdinç MA, Gürelik G, Aydin B, Bahçeci U, Hasanreisoǧlu B. Optical coherence tomographic assessment of diabetic macular edema: Comparison with fluorescein angiographic and clinical findings. Ophthalmologica 2005;219:86-92.
25 Browning DJ, McOwen MD, Bowen RM Jr., O'Marah TL. Comparison of the clinical diagnosis of diabetic macular edema with diagnosis by optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 2004;111:712-5.
26 Shahidi M, Ogura Y, Blair NP, Rusin MM, Zeimer R. Retinal thickness analysis for quantitative assessment of diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:1115-9.
27 Abrar F, Rastogi PS, Ansari M. Central macular thickness in diabetic retinopathy – A comparative study. Ann Int Med Den Res 2017;3:OT01-4.
28 Oshima Y, Emi K, Yamanishi S, Motokura M. Quantitative assessment of macular thickness in normal subjects and patients with diabetic retinopathy by scanning retinal thickness analyser. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:54-61.
29 Arora S, Sachdeva A, Goel T, Singh K, Aggarwal M. To study the correlation of mean macular thickness using optical coherence tomography with distant and near visual acuity in patients of diabetic maculopathy. Int J Res Med Sci 2018;6:863-8.
30 Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network, Browning DJ, Glassman AR, Aiello LP, Beck RW, Brown DM, et al. Relationship between optical coherence tomography-measured central retinal thickness and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 2007;114:525-36.
31 Elzarrug H, Makhlouf T, Ruwida MS. Diabetic retinopathy in Libyan patients; severity and relation to systemic risk factors. IJSR 2017;10:848-51.
32 Acan D, Calan M, Er D, Arkan T, Kocak N, Bayraktar F, et al. The prevalence and systemic risk factors of diabetic macular edema: A cross-sectional study from Turkey. BMC Ophthalmol 2018;18:91.
33 Aiello LP, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, Ferris FL 3rd. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1998;21:143-56.
34 Varma R, Bressler NM, Doan QV, Gleeson M, Danese M, Bower JK, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic macular edema in the United States. JAMA Ophthalmol 2014;132:1334-40.
35 Hirano T, Iesato Y, Toriyama Y, Imai A, Murata T. Detection of fovea-threatening diabetic macular edema by optical coherence tomography to maintain good vision by prophylactic treatment. Ophthalmic Res 2014;52:65-73.
36 Medina FJ, Callén CI, Rebolleda G, Muñoz-Negrete FJ, Callén MJ, del Valle FG, et al. Use of nonmydriatic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for diagnosing diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153:536-430.