Anterior approach to the cervical spine: Elegance lies in its simplicity

Kirit Arumalla; Hanish Bansal; Jigarsingh Jadeja; Aman Batish; Harsh Deora; Manjul Tripathi; Sandeep Mohindra; Sanjay Behari

doi:10.4103/ajns.AJNS_313_20

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Asian J Neurosurg 2021; 16(04): 669-684
DOI: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_313_20

Systematic Review Article

Anterior approach to the cervical spine: Elegance lies in its simplicity

Authors

Kirit Arumalla

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Hanish Bansal

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Jigarsingh Jadeja

²Department of Neurosurgery, Gokul Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Aman Batish

³Department of Neurosurgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Harsh Deora

Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Manjul Tripathi

³Department of Neurosurgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Sandeep Mohindra

³Department of Neurosurgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Sanjay Behari

⁴Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Introduction: Since the landmark publication by Smith and Robinson, approaches to the cervical spine anteriorly have undergone many modifications and even additions. Nevertheless, at its core, the anterior approach remains an elegant and efficient approach to deal with majority of cervical spine pathologies including the degenerative cervical spine. Methodology: For this review, we searched for all major cases series and randomized control trials of anterior cervical approaches using the PubMed databases. Articles having the details of clinical variables and outcomes were tabulated and analyzed. Results: A total of 9 case series for transoral, 7 case series for transmanubrial, 19 case series for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), 6 studies for ACDF versus posterior cervical foraminotomy, 37 case series for ACDF versus arthroplasty, and 7 studies for ACDF versus anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion have been included. The majority of the case series suggested that the anterior cervical procedures have good clinical outcomes. The upper cervical spine approached by the transoral route had good outcomes in ventral compressive pathologies, with morbidity of cerebrospinal fluid leak in 7% of patients. The midcervical spine approached by ACDF had better clinical outcomes equivalent to the majority of modifications even in multiple-level pathologies. The transsternal approach had provided greater access and stability to the cervicothoracic junction with minimal morbidity. Conclusion: The anterior cervical approach can address the majority of cervical pathologies. They provide adequate corridor from craniovertebral junction to T4 with minimal morbidity, thus providing a good clinical outcome.

Key-words:

Anterior cervical approach - cervical spine - cervical spondylotic myelopathy - corpectomy

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