Isoniazid: A rare drug-induced cause for bilateral dentate nuclei hyperintensity

S Senthil Raj Kumar; S Shanmuga Jayanthan; G Rupesh

doi:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_421_19

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Radiol Imaging 2020; 30(02): 218-221
DOI: 10.4103/ijri.IJRI_421_19

Case Report

Isoniazid: A rare drug-induced cause for bilateral dentate nuclei hyperintensity

S Senthil Raj Kumar

Senior Consultant Radiologist and HOD, Consultant Radiologist, Consultant Radiologist, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Meenakshi Hospital, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India

,

S Shanmuga Jayanthan

Senior Consultant Radiologist and HOD, Consultant Radiologist, Consultant Radiologist, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Meenakshi Hospital, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India

,

G Rupesh

Senior Consultant Radiologist and HOD, Consultant Radiologist, Consultant Radiologist, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Meenakshi Hospital, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Dentate nucleus, the largest deep nucleus of the cerebellum, is affected by numerous conditions, including leukodystrophies, toxins, drugs, infections, and various metabolic and inflammatory conditions. This case report is a drug-induced cerebellitis, caused by isoniazid (INH), characterized in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as bilateral dentate nuclei hyperintensity. Isoniazid, an antituberculosis therapy (ATT) drug, is both neurotoxic and hepatotoxic but cerebellitis is a rare complication. INH-induced cerebellitis is characterized in MRI by bilateral and symmetrical T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity in dentate nuclei. Though metronidazole is the most common drug associated with such MRI signal changes in the dentate nucleus, the uncommon association with INH has been described in literature especially in patients with renal function impairment. MRI findings together with clinical signs of cerebellar involvement, in a patient with abnormal renal function tests and in whom the ATT regimen was recently initiated, favors the diagnosis of INH toxicity. INH withdrawal and pyridoxine supplementation can reverse this condition.

Keywords

Dentate nucleus hyperintensity - drug-induced cerebellitis - isoniazid neurotoxicity

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Referenzen

References
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