Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · South Asian J Cancer 2019; 08(04): 241-243
DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_249_19
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Hematolymphoid Malignancies

Clinico-epidemiological features and response in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia at regional cancer center of Northeast India

Bhargab Jyoti Saikia
Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam
,
Partha Sarathi Roy
Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam
,
Gaurav Kumar
Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam
,
Rakesh Kumar Mishra
Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam
,
Anupam Sarma
Department of Pathology, Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, Assam
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
› Further Information
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) comprises 19.3% of all childhood cancers in Northeast India. Methods: We analyzed clinicoepidemiological features and early response to the treatment of all the cases of childhood ALL (age <15 years) diagnosed and treated at Dr. B Borooah Cancer Institute over 1 year. Results: Of 52 eligible cases, 69% were male (male:female ratio of 2.2:1) and the mean age was 7.1 years. Thirty-three children (63%) had baseline white blood cell count ≥20 × 109/L. Precursor B-cell was most the common subtype seen in 61% of children. Seven cases (14%) had high-risk (HR) cytogenetics, with t (9,22) being the most common one. Male sex and HR cytogenetics were significantly associated with poor early responses. Conclusion: ALL is a common childhood malignancy with high cure rates. However, poor socioeconomic status and the presence of higher proportions of disease-related factors lead to poor outcome in this part of the country.

Key words

Cytogenetics - early response - minimum residual disease - risk stratification


Publication History

Article published online:
14 December 2020

© 2019. MedIntel Services Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Magrath I, Steliarova-Foucher E, Epelman S, Ribeiro RC, Harif M, Li CK, et al. Paediatric cancer in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:e104-16.
  • 2 Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM, et al. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2893-917.
  • 3 Dinand V, Arya LS. Epidemiology of childhood Hodgkins disease: Is it different in developing countries? Indian Pediatr 2006;43:141-7.
  • 4 Yaris N, Mandiracioglu A, Buyukpamukcu M. Childhood cancer in developing countries. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014;21:237-53.
  • 5 Arora RS, Eden TO, Kapoor G. Epidemiology of childhood cancer in India. Indian J Cancer 2009;46:264-73.
  • 6 National Cancer Registry Programme 2013. Consolidated Report of Hospital Based Cancer Registries: 2007-2011. Cancer in Childhood. Bangalore: National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research-Indian Council of Medical Research; 2013.
  • 7 Asthana S, Labani S, Mehrana S, Bakhshi S. Incidence of childhood leukemia and lymphoma in India. Pediatr Hematol Oncol J 2018;3:115-20.
  • 8 Hazarika M, Krishnatreya M, Bhuyan C, Saikia BJ, Kataki AC, Roy PS, et al. Overview of childhood cancers at a regional cancer centre in North-East India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014;15:7817-9.
  • 9 Stary J, Zimmermann M, Campbell M, Castillo L, Dibar E, Donska S, et al. Intensive chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Results of the randomized intercontinental trial ALL IC-BFM 2002. J Clin Oncol 2013;48:6522.
  • 10 Magrath I, Shanta V, Advani S, Adde M, Arya LS, Banavali S, et al. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in countries with limited resources; lessons from use of a single protocol in India over a twenty year period [corrected]. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:1570-83.
  • 11 Kulkarni KP, Arora RS, Marwaha RK. Survival outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in India: A resource-limited perspective of more than 40 years. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2011;33:475-9.
  • 12 Bajel A, George B, Mathews V, Viswabandya A, Kavitha ML, Srivastava A, et al. Treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in India using a BFM protocol. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:621-5.
  • 13 Mukhopadhyay A, Gangopadhyay S, Dasgupta S, Paul S, Mukhopadhyay S, Ray UK. Surveillance and expected outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: An experience from Eastern India. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2013;34:280-2.
  • 14 Gupta A, Kapoor G, Jain S, Bajpai R. Absolute lymphocyte count recovery independently predicts outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Experience from a tertiary care cancer center of a developing country. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015;37:e143-9.
  • 15 Radhakrishnan V, Gupta S, Ganesan P, Rajendranath R, Ganesan TS, Rajalekshmy KR, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A single center experience with Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munster-95 protocol. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2015;36:261-4.
  • 16 Sugapriya D, Preethi S, Shanthi P, Chandra N, Jeyaraman G, Sachdanandam P, et al. BCR-ABL translocation in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Southern India. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012;28:37-41.
  • 17 Arya LS, Kotikanyadanam SP, Bhargava M, Saxena R, Sazawal S, Bakhshi S, et al. Pattern of relapse in childhood ALL: Challenges and lessons from a uniform treatment protocol. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2010;32:370-5.
  • 18 Kulkarni KP, Marwaha RK, Trehan A, Bansal D. Survival outcome in childhood ALL: Experience from a tertiary care centre in North India. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:168-73.
  • 19 Varghese B, Joobomary AA, Savida P. Five-year survival rate and the factors for risk-directed therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018;39:301-6.
  • 20 Pui CH, Yang JJ, Hunger SP, Pieters R, Schrappe M, Biondi A, et al. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Progress through collaboration. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:2938-48.