Anwendungen des endogenen Thrombinpotenzials

M. Wilkens

doi:10.5482/ha-1130

Hämostaseologie, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Hamostaseologie 2011; 31(02): 88-93
DOI: 10.5482/ha-1130

Übersichtsarbeit

Schattauer GmbH

Anwendungen des endogenen Thrombinpotenzials

Endogenous thrombin potential in practical use

Authors

M. Wilkens

¹Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Marburg

Abstract

Summary

An overview is given on the method and the applications of thrombin generation assays. Thrombin generation assays provide a tool which can be used to trace the entire thrombin formation and inactivation of a plasma sample. Therefore they are principally different from traditional global assays like PT and aPTT and promise new opportunities for the assessment of bleeding or thrombotic risks.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird ein Überblick über die Methode und die Anwendungen von Thrombingenerierungstesten gegeben.

Thrombingenerierungsteste stellen ein Werkzeug dar, mit dem die gesamte Thrombin-bildung und Inaktivierung einer Plasmaprobe verfolgt werden kann. Sie unterscheiden sich damit prinzipiell von den herkömmlichen globalen Testen wie PT und aPTT und versprechen neue Möglichkeiten bei der Einschätzung von Blutungs- oder Thromboserisiken.

Keywords

Thrombin generation - endogenous thrombin potential - ETP - thrombophilia - haemophilia - anticoagulation

Schlüsselwörter

Thrombingenerierung - endogenes Thrombinpotenzial - ETP - Hämophilie - Antikoagulation

Volltext

Referenzen

Literatur
1 Dieri R, Peyvandi F, Santagostino E. et al. The thrombogram in rare inherited coagulation disorders: its relation to clinical bleeding. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88: 576-582.
2 Dieri R, Alban S, Béguin S, Hemker HC. Thrombin generation for the control of heparin treatment, comparison with the activated partial thromboplastin time. J Thromb Haemost 2004; 02: 1395-1401.
3 Dieri R, Alban S, Béguin S, Hemker HC. Fixed dosage of low-molecular-weight heparins causes large individual variation in coagulability, only partly correlated to body weight. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 04: 83-89.
4 Beltrán-Miranda CP, Khan A. et al. Thrombin generation and phenotypic correlation in haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2005; 11: 326-334.
5 Bertina RM, Koeleman BP, Koster T. et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature 1994; 369 6475 64-67.
6 Besser M, Baglin C, Luddington R. et al. High rate of unprovoked recurrent venous thrombosis is associated with high thrombin-generating potential in a prospective cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2008; 06: 1720-1725.
7 Brocal I, Marco P, Lucas J. et al. Thrombin generation test in patients under anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists. Thromb Haemost 2009; 101: 594-595.
8 Butenas S, van’t Veer C, Mann KG. “Normal” thrombin generation. Blood 1999; 94: 2169-2178.
9 Chantarangkul V, Clerici M, Bressi C, Tripodi A. Standardization of the endogenous thrombin potential measurement: how to minimize the effect of residual platelets in stored plasma. Br J Haematol 2004; 124: 355-357.
10 Cumming AM, Tait RC, Fildes S. et al. Development of resistance to activated protein C during pregnancy. Br J Haematol 1995; 90: 725-727.
11 Curvers J, Thomassen MC, Rimmer J. et al. Effects of hereditary and acquired risk factors of venous thrombosis on a thrombin generation-based APC resistance test. Thromb Haemost 2002; 88: 5-11.
12 Dahlbäck B, Carlsson M, Svensson PJ. Familial thrombophilia due to a previously unrecognized mechanism characterized by poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C: prediction of a cofactor to activated protein C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 1004-1008.
13 Dargaud Y, Béguin S, Lienhart A. et al. Evaluation of thrombin generating capacity in plasma from patients with haemophilia A and B. Thromb Haemost 2005; 93: 475-480.
14 Dargaud Y, Luddington R, Gray E. et al. Standardisation of thrombin generation test--which reference plasma for TGT? An international multicentre study. Thromb Res 2010; 125: 353-356.
15 Duchemin J, Pittet JL, Tartary M. et al. A new assay based on thrombin generation inhibition to detect both protein C and protein S deficiencies in plasma. Thromb Haemost 1994; 71: 331-338.
16 Eichinger S, Hron G, Kollars M, Kyrle PA. Prediction of recurrent venous thromboembolism by endogenous thrombin potential and D-dimer. Clin Chem 2008; 54: 2042-2048.
17 Esmon CT. The roles of protein C and thrombomodulin in the regulation of blood coagulation. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 4743-4746.
18 Gerotziafas GT, Elalamy I, Depasse F. et al. In vitro inhibition of thrombin generation, after tissue factor pathway activation, by the oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 05: 886-888.
19 Gerotziafas GT, Petropoulou AD, Verdy E. et al. Effect of the anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa activities of low-molecular-weight heparins upon the phases of thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 05: 955-962 1343..
20 Hemker HC, Willems GM, Béguin S. A computer assisted method to obtain the prothrombin activation velocity in whole plasma independent of thrombin decay processes. Thromb Haemost 1986; 56: 9-17.
21 Hemker HC, Wielders S, Kessels H, Béguin S. Continuous registration of thrombin generation in plasma, its use for the determination of the thrombin potential. Thromb Haemost 1993; 70: 617-624.
22 Hemker HC, Giesen PL, Ramjee M. et al. The thrombogram: monitoring thrombin generation in platelet-rich plasma. Thromb Haemost 2000; 83: 589-591.
23 Jackson CM, Esnouf MP, Lindahl TL. A critical evaluation of the prothrombin time for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2003; 33: 43-51.
24 Kyrle PA, Mannhalter C, Béguin S. et al. Clinical studies and thrombin generation in patients homozygous or heterozygous for the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998; 18: 1287-1291.
25 Lecompte T, Wahl D, Perret-Guillaume C. et al. Hypercoagulability resulting from opposite effects of lupus anticoagulants is associated strongly with thrombotic risk. Haematologica 2007; 92: 714-715.
26 Livnat T, Martinowitz U, Zivelin A, Seligsohn U. Effects of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA), recombinant factor VIIa or both on thrombin generation in normal and haemophilia A plasma. Haemophilia 2008; 14: 782-786.
27 MACFARLANE RG, Biggs R. A thrombin generation test; the application in haemophilia and thrombocytopenia. J Clin Pathol 1953; 06: 3-8.
28 Mann KG, Brummel K, Butenas S. What is all that thrombin for?. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 01: 1504-1514.
29 Olivieri O, Friso S, Manzato F. et al. Resistance to activated protein C in healthy women taking oral contraceptives. Br J Haematol 1995; 91: 465-470.
30 Pitney WR, Dacie JV. A simple method of studying the generation of thrombin in recalcified plasma; application in the investigation of haemophilia. J Clin Pathol 1953; 06: 9-14.
31 Regnault V, Béguin S, Lecompte T. Calibrated automated thrombin generation in frozen-thawed platelet-rich plasma to detect hypercoagulability. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb 2003; 33: 23-29.
32 Rosendaal FR. Risk factors for venous thrombosis: prevalence, risk, and interaction. Semin Hematol 1997; 34: 171-187.
33 Samama MM, Le Flem L, Guinet C. et al. Three different patterns of calibrated automated thrombogram obtained with six different anticoagulants. Three different patterns of calibrated automated thrombogram obtained with six different anticoagulants. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 05: 2554-2556.
34 Seligsohn U, Zivelin A. Thrombophilia as a multigenic disorder. Thromb Haemost 1997; 78: 297-301.
35 Seligsohn U, Lubetsky A. Genetic susceptibility to venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1222-1231.
36 Siegemund A, Petros S, Siegemund T. et al. The endogenous thrombin potential and high levels of coagulation factor VIII, factor IX and factor XI. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2004; 15: 241-244.
37 Stief TW. Inhibition of thrombin generation in recalcified plasma. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2007; 18: 751-760.
38 Tanaka KA, Szlam F, Katori N. et al. The effects of argatroban on thrombin generation and hemostatic activation in vitro. Anesth Analg 2004; 99: 1283-1289.
39 Thomassen MCLGD, Curvers J, Rimmer JE. et al. Influence of hormone replacement therapy, oral contraceptive and pregnancy on APC resistance. Thromb Haemost 1999; (Suppl) 82: 770-771.
40 Van Hylckama AVlieg, Christiansen SC, Luddington R. et al. Elevated endogenous thrombin potential is associated with an increased risk of a first deep venous thrombosis but not with the risk of recurrence. Br J Haematol 2007; 138: 769-774.
41 Van Veen JJ, Gatt A, Makris M. Thrombin generation testing in routine clinical practice: are we there yet?. Br J Haematol 2008; 142: 889-903.
42 Váradi K, Negrier C, Berntorp E. et al. Monitoring the bioavailability of FEIBA with a thrombin generation assay. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 01: 2374-2380.
43 Walsh PN, Rainsford SG, Biggs R. Platelet coagulant activities and clinical severity in haemophilia. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1973; 29: 722-729.
44 Wielders S, Mukherjee M, Michiels J. et al. The routine determination of the endogenous thrombin potential, first results in different forms of hyperand hypocoagulability. Thromb Haemost 1997; 77: 629-936.