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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2022; 15(S 01): 172-183
DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220017
ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Sleep-wake circadian rhythm pattern in young adults by actigraphy during social isolation

Authors

  • Dora Zulema Romero Díaz

    1   University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Biosciences -Piracicaba - São Paulo - Brazil.

  • Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião

    2   University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry - Piracicaba -São Paulo - Brazil.
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Study objectives This study investigated, through wrist actigraphy, the activity-rest pattern, estimate nocturnal sleep parameters, and quantify the exposure of light (daylight and blue light) during social isolation due to COVID-19.

Methods The participants (n = 19, aged 19 - 33 years-old) wore the actigraph in nondominant wrist for 7 days. Derivation of 25 nocturnal sleep parameters was inferred from PIM mode raw data including sleep, wake, activity, and fragmentation statistics. A hierarchical cluster analysis determined the participants profiles. Mann-Whitney and independent Student t tests, linear stepwise regression and Kendalls test were applied. The significant level was a = 0.05.

Results Two clusters were formed, normal sleepers (n = 13) and short sleepers (n = 6). The participants of both clusters went to sleep after midnight, spent approximately 1 h of being awake during time in bed, their latency to persistent sleep was normal, though true sleep minutes was less than 7 h, showed a normal sleep efficiency. Daytime activity was moderate, and a circadian rhythm was irregular. The regressions showed that bedtime and nocturnal activity contributed to the variance of daytime activity and the beginning of it (p< 0.001). The midpoint during the time in bed was the most significant predictor for the start of less period activity at night (p< 0.001).

Conclusions Actigraphy inferred that during social isolation the individuals presented, despite normal sleep latency and efficiency, inconsistent sleep parameters and irregular circadian rhythm. Moreover, decreased exposure to daylight during the morning was observed.

Actigraphy - Circadian rhythm - Sleep - Daylight Cycle - Social isolation

FUNDING SOURCE

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil (CNPq) - scholarship for the first author (process number 147405/2017-3.


AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

D.Z.R.D. and M.B.D.G. developed the study concept. D.Z.R.D. wrote the study protocol, ethics application, recruitment of the participants, collected and analyzed the actigraphy data, entered self-report data, performed statistical analysis, contributed to the interpretation of the reported results and the production of figures, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors interpreted the data, critically reviewed, commented on the text, and gave final approval for submission of this manuscript for publication.


SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL



Publication History

Received: 24 July 2021

Accepted: 24 September 2021

Article published online:
01 December 2023

© 2023. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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