COVID-19 and cancer: an extensive review

ABSTRACT

Emerging data postulates that cancer is an important risk factor for disease severity and higher in-hospital mortality amongst patients with COVID-19. From a pathophysiological perspective, COVID-19 induces an overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, causing systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms associated with severe COVID-19 disease in patients with cancer is uncertain. Moreover, the challenge of implementing social distancing in patients requiring specific anticancer treatments urged international societies to issue recommendations regarding the adoption of safety measures to reduce transmission risk and optimize anticancer treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide an extensive review of the clinical outcomes, prognosis and management of patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection.

RESUMO

Dados emergentes postulam que o câncer é um importante fator de risco para gravidade da doença e maior mortalidade hospitalar entre pacientes com COVID-19. Sob uma perspectiva fisiopatológica, a COVID-19 induz uma superprodução de citocinas inflamatórias, causando inflamação sistêmica, hipercoagulabilidade e disfunção de múltiplos órgãos. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos exatos associados à COVID-19 grave em pacientes com câncer são incertos. Além disso, o desafio de implementar o distanciamento social em pacientes que requerem tratamentos anticâncer específicos instou as sociedades internacionais a emitir recomendações sobre a adoção de medidas de segurança para reduzir o risco de transmissão e otimizar o tratamento anticâncer durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Nós fornecemos uma extensa revisão dos resultados clínicos, prognóstico e tratamento de pacientes com câncer e infecção por COVID-19.

Keywords:

COVID-19 - Cancer - Pathophysiology - Clinical outcome - Management.

Descritores:

Infecções por coronavírus - Sintomas de câncer - Evolução clínica.

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