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Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2019; 44(03): 188-193
DOI: 10.1055/a-0889-1200
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bewegung im Kindes- und Jugendalter – zwischen Effekten und Empfehlungen

Physical Activity in Children and Youths – Effects and Recommendations
Christine Graf
1   Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Abt. Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsförderung am Institut für Bewegungs- und Neurowissenschaft
,
Nina Ferrari
1   Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Abt. Bewegungs- und Gesundheitsförderung am Institut für Bewegungs- und Neurowissenschaft
2   Kölner Zentrum für Prävention im Kindes- und Jugendalter am Herzzentrum der Universitätsklinik Köln, Köln
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Publication History

Publication Date:
31 May 2019 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der Nutzen von körperlicher Aktivität bzw. einer Reduktion von vermeidbarer Sitzzeit ist im Kindes- und Jugendalter unbestritten. So ist insbesondere ab dem Grundschulalter belegt, dass ein aktiver Lebensstil mit einer Senkung kardiometabolischer Risikofaktoren, einer Verbesserung der muskuloskeletalen Gesundheit sowie einem Benefit für die kognitive und psychosoziale Entwicklung assoziiert ist. Generell gilt, je mehr Bewegung desto höher der gesundheitliche Nutzen. Ab dem Kindergartenalter sollten mindestens 180, ab Grundschulalter mindestens 90 min Bewegungszeit pro Tag erreicht werden. Vermeidbare Sitzzeiten, insbesondere die Nutzung von Bildschirmmedien, sollen dagegen auf ein Minimum reduziert werden. Allerdings zeigt sich weltweit, auch in Deutschland, ein zunehmender Rückgang der Bewegungszeit und eine Zunahme des Konsums audiovisueller Medien. Damit verbunden ist eine Verschlechterung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit. Dies wiederum korreliert invers mit ausgewählten gesundheitlichen Parametern wie beispielsweise dem Body-Mass-Index (BMI), Blutdruck und/oder Lipiden. Bislang gibt es keinen Goldstandard wie dieser Negativspirale begegnet werden kann. Verhältnispräventive Ansätze gelten aktuell am erfolgversprechendsten, brauchen aber für eine konsequente Umsetzung den entsprechenden politischen Willen.

Abstract

Background The benefits of physical activity and a reduction of sedentary behaviour are undoubted in childhood and adolescence. There is good evidence in terms of the reduction of cardio-metabolic risk factors, improvement of musculoskeletal health, as well as a benefit for cognitive and psychosocial development, especially at primary school age. In general, a higher amount of physical activity is associated with more health benefits. Preschool age children should achieve 180 min of physical activity daily, from primary school age at least 90 min daily are recommended. Sedentary behaviour, especially screen time, are to be reduced to a minimum. However, there is a growing decline in physical activity and an increase in screen time worldwide as well as in Germany. This is associated with a decrease in physical fitness correlating inversely with chosen health parameters like body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and/or lipids. So far, there is no gold standard how this negative trend can be countered. Community based approaches are currently the most promising, but they need the corresponding political will for consistent implementation.

Schlüsselwörter

körperliche Aktivität - Empfehlungen - Inaktivität - Kinder - Jugendliche

Keywords

physical activity - recommendations - sedentary behaviour - children - youth
 

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