Download PDF
AkupunkturPraxis 2022; 3(04): 207-217
DOI: 10.1055/a-1854-7008
Grundlagen

Vegetative Innervation des Abdomens: Immunsystem, Schmerz, Mikrobiom

Timm J. Filler
,
Sara V. Schnettler
,
Michael Wolf-Vollenbröker
› Further Information
    Permissions and Reprints

Das vegetative Nervensystem hält für die Bauchorgane mit dem Parasympathikus und dem Sympathikus 2 zentrale und für das Darmrohr zusätzlich mit dem Auerbach- und Meissner-Plexus 2 periphere Versorgungseinheiten bereit. Die beiden Letzteren werden als enterisches Nervensystem zusammengefasst, das autonom den Darm steuern kann. Diese Steuerung ist vom Mikrobiom des Darms abhängig und für zahlreiche Pathologien grundlegend. Die beiden extrinsischen Einheiten kontrollieren auch das Abwehrsystem der Bauchorgane, deren Immunzellen für den direkten Kontakt mit Aktivität modulierenden Rezeptoren ausgestattet sind. Eine weitere wichtige Rolle der vegetativen Innervation liegt in der Nozizeption, die als wesentlicher Regulator für Entzündungen weit mehr als nur ein Alarmsystem ist. Bei der Nozizeption gibt es keine klare Trennung von der Propriozeption.



Publication History

Article published online:
16 November 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Dyachuk V. et al. Neurodevelopment. Parasympathetic neurons originate from nerve-associated peripheral glial progenitors. Science 2014; 345: 82-87
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Thayer JF, Sternberg EM.. Neural aspects of immunomodulation: focus on the vagus nerve. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24: 1223-1228
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Karemaker JM.. An introduction into autonomic nervous function. Physiol Meas 2017; 38: R89-R118
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Spencer NJ, Hu H.. Enteric nervous system: sensory transduction, neural circuits and gastrointestinal motility. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17: 338-351
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Schabadasch A.. Intramurale Nervengeflechte des Darmrohrs. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 1930; 10: 320
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bellinger DL. et al. Sympathetic modulation of immunity: relevance to disease. Cell Immunol 2008; 252: 27-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Hornby PJ. et al. Medullary raphe: a new site for vagally mediated stimulation of gastric motility in cats. Am J Physiol 1990; 258: G637-G647
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Dutta SK. et al. Parkinson's Disease: The Emerging Role of Gut Dysbiosis, Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25: 363-376
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Leclair-Visonneau L. et al. The gut in Parkinson's disease: Bottom-up, top-down, or neither?. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32: e13777
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Reyes-Farias M. et al. White adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity and aging. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192: 114723
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Mogilevski T. et al. Review article: the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50: 720-737
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Populin L, Stebbing MJ, Furness JB.. Neuronal regulation of the gut immune system and neuromodulation for treating inflammatory bowel disease. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3: 953-966
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Bonaz B. et al. Vagus nerve stimulation: from epilepsy to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25: 208-221
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Furness JB. et al. The enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal innervation: integrated local and central control. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 817: 39-71
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Maier SF. et al. The role of the vagus nerve in cytokine-to-brain communication. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 840: 289-300
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Nance DM, Sanders VM.. Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immune system (1987–2007). Brain Behav Immun 2007; 21: 736-745
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Borovikova LV. et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature 2000; 405: 458-462
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Go YY. et al. Different Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Parameters Modulate the Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Inflammation in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10: 247-261
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Brierley SM.. Gut nociceptors: sentinels promoting host defense. Cell Res 2020; 30: 279-280
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Humenick A. et al. Activation of intestinal spinal afferent endings by changes in intra-mesenteric arterial pressure. J Physiol 2015; 593: 3693-3709
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Meixiong J. et al. Nociceptor-Mast Cell Sensory Clusters as Regulators of Skin Homeostasis. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43: 130-132
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Fang Y. et al. Cutaneous Hypersensitivity as an Indicator of Visceral Inflammation via C-Nociceptor Axon Bifurcation. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37: 45-54
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Ren X. et al. Cardioprotection via the skin: nociceptor-induced conditioning against cardiac MI in the NIC of time. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316: H543-H553
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Moore DM, Rizzolo D.. Sandifer syndrome. JAAPA 2018; 31: 18-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Cawthon CR, de La Serre CB.. Gut bacteria interaction with vagal afferents. Brain Res. 2018; 1693 (Pt B) 134-139
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Vales S, Touvron M, Van Landeghem L.. Enteric glia: Diversity or plasticity?. Brain Res 2018; 1693 (Pt B) 140-145
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Heiss CN, Olofsson LE.. The role of the gut microbiota in development, function and disorders of the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31: e12684
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Joly A, Leulier F, De Vadder F.. Microbial Modulation of the Development and Physiology of the Enteric Nervous System. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29: 686-699
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Gonkowski S, Gajecka M, Makowska K.. Mycotoxins and the Enteric Nervous System. Toxins 2020; 12: 461-489
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Brehmer A, Rupprecht H, Neuhuber W.. Two submucosal nerve plexus in human intestines. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 133: 149-161
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Hoyle CH, Burnstock G.. Neuronal populations in the submucous plexus of the human colon. J Anat 1989; 166: 7-22
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Bernard C.. Lecture on the physiology of the heart and its connections with the brain, delivered at the Sorbonne, the 27th March 1865. Savannah: J.S. Morel; 1867;
    Google Scholar
  • 33 Porges SW.. Orienting in a defensive world: mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A Polyvagal Theory. Psychophysiology 1995; 32: 301-318
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Thayer JF, Lane RD.. A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation. J Affect Disord 2000; 61: 201-216
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Laborde S, Mosley E, Mertgen A.. Vagal Tank Theory: The Three Rs of Cardiac Vagal Control Functioning – Resting, Reactivity, and Recovery. Front Neurosci 2018; 12: 458
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Gottfried-Blackmore A, Habtezion A, Nguyen L.. Noninvasive vagal nerve stimulation for gastroenterology pain disorders. Pain Manag 2021; 11: 89-96
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Gholamrezaei A, Van Diest I, Aziz Q. et al. Effect of slow, deep breathing on visceral pain perception and its underlying psychophysiological mechanisms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34: e14242
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Kolacz J, Porges SW.. Chronic Diffuse Pain and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders After Traumatic Stress: Pathophysiology Through a Polyvagal Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5: 145. Erratum in: Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 15: 229
    Google Scholar