Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ablation has been proposed as a viable treatment
option for patients with small pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) [1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]. However, ablation therapy is limited by the increased risk of pancreatic duct injury
when treating lesions located near the main pancreatic duct (MPD). Prophylactic endoscopic
pancreatic duct stenting (EPS) is considered effective in reducing the risk but no
details of these cases have been described. We present a case of a small pNEN located
near the MPD that was successfully treated with EUS-guided ethanol injection (EUS-EI)
following prophylactic EPS, with complete ablation achieved without complications.
A pancreatic tumor was detected in a 59-year-old woman by abdominal ultrasound at
an annual health check-up. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a 15-mm hypervascular
tumor in the pancreatic head ([Fig. 1]
a). The tumor was pathologically diagnosed by EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy as pNEN,
grade 1. The patient was referred to our hospital for treatment with EUS-EI as a low-invasive
treatment; however, EUS showed the tumor was located only 1 mm from the MPD ([Fig. 1]
b). Considering the risk of pancreatic duct injury due to ethanol treatment, prophylactic
EPS (Geenen, 5 Fr, 12 cm; Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, USA) was performed one
month before the procedure ([Fig. 2]). We started injecting ethanol into the part of the tumor closest to the MPD, and
a total of 1.5 mL of ethanol was injected into three tumor locations until hyperechoic
bubbles reached the tumor margin ([Video 1]). The patient was discharged three days later. At one month after the procedure,
the tumor was completely ablated with no complications ([Fig. 3]
a) and the pancreatic stent was removed. At the six-month follow-up, the tumor had
completely disappeared and there were no complications such as MPD obstruction ([Fig. 3]
b). The patient has been followed up for two years, with no recurrence or other issues.
Fig. 1
a Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) shows a hypervascular tumor 15 mm in
diameter in the pancreatic head (arrow). b The tumor is visualized on endoscopic ultrasound as a hypoechoic lesion (arrow) located
1 mm from the main pancreatic duct (arrowhead).
Fig. 2 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography image showing placement of the
prophylactic pancreatic stent (5 Fr, 12 cm).
Fig. 3
a CE-CT findings one month after the procedure. There is no enhanced area at the periphery
of the tumor (arrow) and the pancreatic duct stent is retained (arrowhead). b CE-CT findings six months after the procedure. The previously enhancing areas of
the tumor could no longer be detected on CE-CT (dotted circle) and there were no complications.
Successful endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol injection for a small pancreatic neuroendocrine
tumor with prophylactic endoscopic pancreatic stenting.Video 1
Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AS_2AI
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