Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) using lumen-apposing
metal stents (LAMS) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach for managing
malignant gastric outlet obstruction [1].
A 67-year-old man with pancreatic carcinoma presented with symptoms of gastric outlet
obstruction. He was scheduled for EUS-GE under direct cholangioscopic guidance without
X-ray. A 9-Fr cholangioscope (Micro-Tech, Nanjing, China) was advanced transnasally
into the stomach and traversed the pylorus ([Fig. 1]). Under the guidance of a 0.035-inch guidewire, the cholangioscope navigated through
the stenotic duodenal bulb and distally to the jejunum ([Fig. 2]). Simultaneous EUS imaging confirmed the location of the cholangioscope and dilated
jejunum by water injection ([Fig. 3]). A 20-mm LAMS (Hot AXIOS stent; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts,
USA) was deployed through the gastric wall into the jejunum. Expansion of the distal
flange was visualized in the cholangioscopic and EUS views. The electrocautery tip
and the correct positioning and expansion of the distal flange in the jejunum were
confirmed ([Fig. 4]). Following deployment of the proximal flange, cholangioscopic methylene blue injection
confirmed unimpeded stent patency with dye passage into the gastric lumen. After dilation
of the LAMS, EUS-GE was completed without X-ray ([Video 1]).
Fig. 1 The cholangioscope was passed transnasally into the stomach and traversed the pylorus.
Fig. 2 The cholangioscope passed through the obstruction into the jejunum under wire guidance.
Fig. 3 Endoscopic ultrasound visualization showed the dilated jejunum and the scope sign.
Fig. 4 Confirmation of the position of the distal flange and electrocautery tip. a Expansion of the distal flange was visualized both in cholangioscopic and endoscopic
ultrasound views. b The electrocautery tip was seen in the jejunum.
The cholangioscope was advanced to the distal jejunum and expansion of the distal
flange was confirmed by both cholangioscope and endoscopic ultrasound. Then, the gastroenterostomy
was performed using a lumen-apposing metal stent without X-ray.Video 1
An upper gastrointestinal contrast study confirmed the patency of the stent ([Fig. 5]). The patient tolerated a liquid diet and was discharged on postoperative day 4,
with sustained clinical improvement.
Fig. 5 Postoperative upper gastrointestinal radiography confirmed the patency of the stent.
Currently, EUS-GE techniques such as the balloon-occluded method and wire-guided electrocautery-enhanced
stent placement (WEST) method aim to simplify the procedure, but the risks of misdeployment
or inadvertent colonic anastomosis remain [2]
[3]. The WEST technique, despite its procedural streamlining, still reports adverse
events including bleeding and perforation [4]. In contrast, our cholangioscopy-guided approach offers two key innovations. First,
enhanced precision: cholangioscopic guidance allows immediate verification of LAMS
deployment, reducing the risk of misplacement or collateral injury to adjacent organs.
Second, real-time anatomic confirmation: direct cholangioscopic visualization eliminates
reliance on fluoroscopy, mitigating radiation exposure for both patients and operators.
This is particularly critical in minimizing cumulative radiation risks in recurrent
procedural settings.
Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AS_2AG
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