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Thromb Haemost 2020; 120(05): 815-822
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708878
Stroke, Systemic or Venous Thromboembolism
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Plasma Levels of Protein Z in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Artur Słomka 
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
,
Mariusz Kowalewski
2   Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
3   Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
4   Thoracic Research Centre, Innovative Medical Forum, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
,
Ewa Żekanowska
1   Department of Pathophysiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
,
Piotr Suwalski
2   Clinical Department of Cardiac Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
,
Roberto Lorusso
3   Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
,
John W. Eikelboom
5   Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
Further Information

Publication History

02 October 2019

13 February 2020

Publication Date:
05 May 2020 (online)

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Abstract

The association between blood levels of protein Z (PZ) and risk of ischemic stroke remains poorly understood. We aimed to assess this potential relationship through a meta-analysis of case–control studies. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Library were searched from April 1984 to April 2019. We selected case–control studies comparing PZ levels in adult patients with ischemic stroke and controls without ischemic stroke. Six case–control studies, with a total of 1,011 ischemic stroke patients and 1,128 controls, were included. Patients in the acute phase of ischemic stroke showed significantly higher levels of PZ compared with patients in the convalescent phase (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.289 mg/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.010, 0.569; p = 0.043). No significant differences in PZ levels were found between patients and controls in the acute phase (SMD: −0.059 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.570, 0.452; p = 0.821) or in the convalescent phase of ischemic stroke (SMD: −0.341 mg/L; 95% CI: −0.736, 0.055; p = 0.091). Subgroup analysis indicated that older patients (≥ 50 years old) had lower PZ levels than similarly aged controls. In contrast, when the study groups came from the United States and Australia or Europe no significant differences in PZ levels existed between patients and controls. No association between PZ and ischemic stroke was identified in this meta-analysis. The acute phase of ischemic stroke was associated with higher levels of PZ.

Keywords

ischemic stroke - protein Z - systematic review - meta-analysis

Supplementary Material

 

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