Modified Graner's Technique with\without Vascularized Capitate Lengthening for Kienböck Disease Stage IIIb—A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background Intercarpal fusions are used to treat stage IIIb Kienböck disease. They increase force transfer across the radioscaphoid articulation with predisposition to arthritis.

Description of Technique This technique is excision of lunate followed by proximal transfer of capitate, with scaphocapitate and triquetrocapitate fusion to increase area of load transfer mimicking wrist hemiarthroplasty. Our purpose is to evaluate mid-term results of this technique.

Patients and Methods A prospective case series study was conducted on 11 patients with stage IIIb and IIIc. In seven cases, transfer of the capitate was performed by osteotomizing the capitate just distal to its waist, proximal migration to replace the excised lunate then bone grafting. In four cases, proximal transfer of vascularized pedicled capitate was done. Clinical outcome measures included pain (visual analog scale), grip strength, range of motion, and functional evaluation by modified Mayo wrist score and scoring system of Evans. Radiological outcome measures included healing of fusion mass, progression of the disease, and occurrence of avascular necrosis to the capitate.

Results Follow-up period averaged 54 months. Scaphocapitate fusion healing averaged 11 weeks. Union of the lengthened capitate occurred in 10 patients only. There was postoperative improvement in pain scores, grip, Evans, and modified Mayo wrist score. There was postoperative decrease in wrist flexion and extension. One patient showed resorption of the capitate head with progressive radioscaphoid arthritis-necessitated wrist fusion.

Conclusion The mid-term results of this technique may be satisfactory due to low incidence of degenerative arthritis in the radioscaphoid joint. However, longer follow-up with recruiting larger number of patients is needed.

Keywords

capitate lengthening - SC fusion - Kienböck disease - Graner procedure - wrist hemiarthroplasty

Publication History

Received: 10 February 2021

Accepted: 21 April 2021

Article published online:
12 July 2021

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