A 70-year-old man with metastatic rectal cancer was referred to our department for
endoscopic management of obstructive jaundice due to metastatic lymph nodes. He previously
received deceased donor liver transplantation with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed hilar biliary
stricture due to metastatic lymph nodes at the duct-to-duct anastomosis ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2]). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a markedly dilated recipient
bile duct and a stricture of the donor hepatic duct ([Fig. 3]). Multiple attempts to pass the hilar stricture using a 0.035-inch hydrophilic guidewire
and a cannula or a rotatable sphincterotome failed because a guidewire easily advanced
to the remnant cystic duct just below the stricture. Hence, after endoscopic sphincterotomy,
guidewire passage using SpyGlass DS Direct Visualization System (SpyDS; Boston Scientific
Japan, Tokyo, Japan) was attempted. Cholangioscopy allowed direct visualization of
both torturous biliary stricture with non-tumorous mucosa and the wide-opening remnant
cystic duct ([Fig. 4]). A guidewire was readily passed through the stricture into the left intrahepatic
duct under SpyDS and fluoroscopy guidance ([Fig. 5]). Given the presence of high-grade hilar biliary stricture, bilateral metal stent
placement in a partially stent-in-stent method was successfully performed with rapid
resolution of jaundice ([Fig. 6]).
Fig. 1 Computed tomography showed metastatic hilar lymph nodes (arrow).
Fig. 2 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a high-grade hilar biliary stricture
with a dilated left hepatic duct (arrow) and right posterior hepatic duct (arrow head).
Fig. 3 Cholangiogram confirmed hilar biliary stricture. The remnant cystic duct and left
hepatic duct were visualized after contrast injection (arrow).
Fig. 4 The images of SpyGlass DS Direct Visualization System. a The orifice of a remnant cystic duct (arrow). b The distal end of biliary stricture was visualized without a tumor-appearing mucosa
(arrow head).
Fig. 5 Guidewire passage under direct visualization. a Fluoroscopic image of guidewire placement across the stricture. b Guidewire manipulation under direct visualization of SpyDS.
Fig. 6 Fluoroscopic images of stent placement. a Cholangiogram revealed high-grade hilar biliary stricture. b Bilateral metal stent was performed in a partially stent-in-stent method.
Video 1 Successful guidewire placement across hilar malignant biliary stricture under direct
visualization using SpyGlass DS Direct Visualization System in a patient after deceased
donor liver transplantation.
Selective guidewire placement across biliary stricture can be technically challenging,
especially in patients after liver transplantation or with hilar biliary stricture
[1]
[2]. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the utility of SpyDS for
guidewire placement across complex hilar malignant biliary stricture at the anastomotic
site after liver transplantation. Although several studies reported the effectiveness
of cholangioscopy-assisted guidewire placement [3]
[4]
[5], its success rate was unsatisfactory. The SpyDS has potential advantages over the
original Spyglass system: its better image quality, irrigation and 4-way steering.
In summary, SpyDS-assisted guidewire passage can be an alternative technique after
failed guidewire passage under fluoroscopic guidance.
Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AR_2AZ
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