Introduction: Epidermoid tumors in the frontal sinus are exceedingly rare, with few cases documented
in the literature. These benign but locally aggressive neoplasms can pose significant
diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their location and potential to cause
substantial morbidity. Here, we present the case of a 45-year-old woman with a left
frontal sinus epidermoid tumor and review of the available English language cases
of sinus epidermoid tumors.
Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman presented with a history of progressive expansion of the left
forehead. Clinical evaluation and imaging studies, including CT and MRI, revealed
an expansile lesion of the frontal sinus consistent with an epidermoid. Surgical intervention
via an open bi-coronal incision and cranialization of the frontal sinus with concurrent
cranioplasty was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis
of an epidermoid tumor.
Literature Review: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web
of Science. Key search terms included 'frontal sinus,' 'epidermoid tumor,' 'epidermoid
cyst,' and 'sinus cholesteatoma.' Inclusion criteria encompassed all reported cases
of sinus epidermoid tumors, with data extracted on patient demographics, clinical
presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and outcomes. The literature
review identified 43 cases of sinus epidermoid tumors. Surgical resection was the
primary treatment modality with low rates of recurrence, and favorable long-term prognosis.
Conclusion: Frontal sinus epidermoid tumors, although rare, should be considered in the differential
diagnosis of persistent frontal headaches and nasal obstruction. Early diagnosis and
surgical intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes. Our case underscores the importance
of a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating advanced imaging and surgical techniques.
