Ästhetische Aspekte bei der Exposition von Zähnen und die Gestaltung des Lächelns

Zusammenfassung

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden ästhetische Aspekte bezüglich der Exposition von Zahnkronen und der Gestaltung des Lächelns besprochen. Standardnormen zur Beziehung zwischen Schneidezähnen und Lippen werden vorgestellt. Die Bedeutung der Exposition der Zähne beim Sprechen und beim Lächeln werden (1) in der vertikalen Ebene, (2) in Bezug auf die Mittellinien und (3) in der transversalen Ebene bewertet. Praktische Richtlinien am Ende des Beitrags sollen zu einer Verbesserung der ästhetischen Ergebnisse bei kieferorthopädischen Behandlungen beitragen.

Abstract

The article discusses some esthetic elements of tooth display and smile design associated with orthodontic treatment. Normative standards of the lip incisor relationships are provided. The importance of a patient's display of his / her dentition during speech and on smiling was evaluated (1) in the vertical dimension; (2) with regard to midlines; and (3) in the transverse dimension. Clinical guidelines were provided. Together, these should help to improve the esthetic outcome of contemporary orthodontic treatment results.

Ästhetik und Kieferorthopädie

esthetics and orthodontics

Literatur

• 1 Ackerman J L, Proffit W R, Sarver D M. The emerging soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.  Clin Orthod Res. 1999;  2 49-52
• 2 Proffit W R. The soft tissue paradigm in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning: a new view for a new century.  J Esthet Dent. 2000;  12 46-49
• 3 Morley J, Eubank J. Macroesthetic elements of smile design.  J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;  132 39-45
• 4 Nash D A. Professional ethics and esthetic dentistry.  J Am Dent Assoc. 1988;  117 7 E-9 E
• 5 Lombardi R E. The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics.  J Prosthet Dent. 1973;  29 358-382
• 6 Zachrisson B U. Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: Vertical dimension.  J Clin Orthod. 1998;  32 432-445
• 7 Tjan A HL, Miller G D, The J PG. Some esthetic factors in a smile.  J Prosthet Dent. 1984;  51 24-28
• 8 Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. Some vertical lineaments of lip position.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992;  101 519-524
• 9 Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. The gingival smile line.  Angle Orthod. 1992;  62 91-100
• 10 Vig R G, Brundo G C. The kinetics of anterior tooth display.  J Prosthet Dent. 1978;  39 502-504
• 11 Kokich Jr V O, Kiyak H A, Shapiro P A. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics.  J Esthet Dent. 1999;  11 311-324
• 12 Sarver D M. The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;  120 98-111
• 13 Mack M R. Vertical dimension: a dynamic concept based on facial form and oropharyngeal function.  J Prosthet Dent. 1991;  66 478-485
• 14 Mack M R. Perspective of facial esthetics in dental treatment planning.  J Prosthet Dent. 1996;  75 169-176
• 15 Dong J K, Jin T H, Cho H W, Oh S C. The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies.  Int J Prosthodont. 1999;  12 9-19
• 16 Rubin L R. The anatomy of a smile: its importance in the treatment of facial paralysis.  Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974;  53 384-387
• 17 Peck S, Peck H. The aesthetically pleasing face: an orthodontic myth.  Trans Eur Orthod Soc. 1971;  47 175-184
• 18 Rosen H M, Ackerman J L. Porous block hydroxyapatite in orthognathic surgery.  Angle Orthod. 1991;  61 185-191
• 19 Turley P K. Orthodontic management of the short face patient.  Semin Orthod. 1996;  2 138-152
• 20 Ackerman M B, Ackerman J L. Smile analysis and design in the digital era.  J Clin Orthod. 2002;  36 221-236
• 21 Mah J, Korrodi Ritto A. Imaging in orthodontics: present and future.  J Clin Orthod. 2002;  36 619-625
• 22 Toreskog S. Mechanical intrusion of maxillary incisors: A treatment strategy to be abandoned?.  World J Orthod. 2002;  3 358-364
• 23 Nanda R. Differential diagnosis and treatment of excessive overbite. In: Nanda R (ed). Symposium on Orthodontics. Dental Clinics of North America. Saunders, Philadelphia 1981; 195-202
• 24 Frush J P, Fisher R D. The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept.  J Prosthet Dent. 1958;  8 558-581
• 25 Weiland F J, Bantleon H P, Droschl H. Evaluation of continuous arch and segmented arch leveling techniques in adult patients - a clinical study.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;  110 647-652
• 26 AlQabandi A, Sadowsky C, Sellke T. A comparison of continuous archwires and utility archwires for leveling the curve of Spee.  World J Orthod. 2002;  3 159-165
• 27 Dolce C, Babb L K, McGorray S P, Taylor M G, King G J, Wheeler T T. Vertical skeletal and dental changes in early treatment of Class II malocclusion.  Semin Orthod. 2002;  8 141-148
• 28 Simons M E, Joondeph D R. Change in overbite: a ten-year postretention study.  Am J Orthod. 1973;  64 349-367
• 29 Braun S. Biomechanic considerations in the management of the vertical dimension.  Semin Orthod. 2002;  8 149-154
• 30 Hulsey C M. An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile.  Am J Orthod. 1970;  57 132-144
• 31 Ackerman J L, Ackerman M B, Brensinger C M, Landis J R. A morphometric analysis of the posed smile.  Clin Orthod Res. 1998;  1 2-11
• 32 Brisman A S. Esthetics: a comparison of dentists' and patients' concepts.  J Am Dent Ass. 1980;  100 345-352
• 33 Kokich V G, Spear F M. Guidelines for managing the orthodontic-restorative patient.  Semin Orthod. 1997;  3 3-20
• 34 Kokich V G. Esthetics: The orthodontic-periodontic-restorative connection.  Semin Orthod. 1996;  2 21-30
• 35 Garber D A, Salama M A. The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment.  Periodontol. 1996;  11 18-28
• 36 Brägger U, Lauchenauer D, Lang N P. Surgical lengthening of the clinical crown.  J Clin Periodontol. 1992;  19 58-63
• 37 Zachrisson B U. Dental to facial midline positions.  World J Orthod. 2001;  2 266-269
• 38 Miller E L, Bodden Jr W R, Jamison H C. A study of the relationship of the dental midline to facial median line.  J Prosthet Dent. 1979;  41 657-660
• 39 Beyer J W, Lindauer S J. Evaluation of dental midline position.  Semin Orthod. 1998;  4 146-152
• 40 Johnston C D, Burden D J, Stevenson M R. The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings.  Eur J Orthod. 1999;  21 517-522
• 41 Tarnow D P, Magner A W, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal dental papilla.  J Periodontol. 1992;  63 995-996
• 42 Zachrisson B U. Making the premolar extraction smile full and radiant.  World J Orthod. 2002;  3 260-265
• 43 Zachrisson B U. Maxillary expansion: Long-term stability and smile esthetics.  World J Orthod. 2001;  2 266-272
• 44 Ugur T, Yukay F. Normal faciolingual inclinations of tooth crowns compared with treatment groups of standard and pretorqued brackets.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;  112 50-57
• 45 Andrews L F. The six keys to normal occlusion.  Am J Orthod. 1972;  62 296-309
• 46 Levin E L. Dental esthetics and the golden proportion.  J Prosthet Dent. 1978;  40 244-252
• 47 Ricketts R E. The biologic significance of the divine proportion and Fibonacci series.  Am J Orthod. 1982;  81 351-370
• 48 Preston J D. The golden proportion revisited.  J Esthet Dent. 1993;  5 247-251
• 49 Rigsbee 3rd  O H, Sperry T P, BeGole E A. The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics.  Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 1988;  3 233-239
• 50 Little R M, Wallen T R, Riedel R A. Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment - first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics.  Am J Orthod. 1981;  80 349-365
• 51 Little R M, Riedel R A, Artun J. An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1988;  93 423-428
• 52 Felton J M, Sinclair P M, Jones D L, Alexander R G. A computerized analysis of the shape and stability of mandibular arch form.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;  92 478-483
• 53 Franklin G S, Rossouw P E, Woodside D G. A longitudinal study of dental and skeletal parameters associated with stability of orthodontic treatment.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;  109 109 , (thesis abstract)
• 54 Vaden J L, Harris E F, Gardner R L. Relapse revisited.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;  111 543-553
• 55 Boley J C. Class I extraction treatment: a case report at 20 years postretention.  World J Orthod. 2002;  3 50-56

1 engl. Originaltext erschienen in: Nanda R (Hrsg). Biomechanics and Estehtic Strategies in Clinical Orthodontics. Elsevier/Saunders, Oxford 2005