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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Plast Surg 2015; 48(02): 129-137
DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.163045
Original Article
Association of Plastic Surgeons of India

Magnetic resonance neurography of the brachial plexus

Vaishali Upadhyaya
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Divya Narain Upadhyaya
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Adarsh Kumar
2   Department of Plastic Surgery, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Ashok Kumar Pandey
3   Department of Neurology, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Ratni Gujral
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vivekananda Polyclinic and Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
,
Arun Kumar Singh
1   Department of Plastic Surgery, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Divya Narain Upadhyaya
B-2/128, Sector F, Janakipuram, Lucknow - 226 021, Uttar Pradesh
India   

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 August 2019 (online)

Also available at
 
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ABSTRACT

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is being increasingly recognised all over the world as the imaging modality of choice for brachial plexus and peripheral nerve lesions. Recent refinements in MRI protocols have helped in imaging nerve tissue with greater clarity thereby helping in the identification, localisation and classification of nerve lesions with greater confidence than was possible till now. This article on Magnetic Resonance Neurography (MRN) is based on the authors’ experience of imaging the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves using these protocols over the last several years.


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KEY WORDS

Brachial plexus - imaging - magnetic resonance neurography

 


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Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

  • REFERENCES

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    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Upadhyaya V, Upadhyaya DN, Kumar A, Gujral RB. MR neurography in traumatic brachial plexopathy. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84: 927-32
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Delman BN, Som PM. Imaging of the brachial plexus. In: Som PM, Curtin HD. editors Head and Neck Imaging. 5 th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2011. p 2743-70
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
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    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
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    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Lutz AM, Gold G, Beaulieu C. MR imaging of the brachial plexus. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014; 24: 91-108
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
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    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
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    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Moran SL, Steinmann SP, Shin AY. Adult brachial plexus injuries: Mechanism, patterns of injury, and physical diagnosis. Hand Clin 2005; 21: 13-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Eppenberger P, Andreisek G, Chhabra A. Magnetic resonance neurography: Diffusion tensor imaging and future directions. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014; 24: 245-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Chuang DC. Adult brachial plexus reconstruction with the level of injury: Review and personal experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124 (Suppl. 06) Suppl e359-69
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, Yamamoto S, Tajiri Y, Yoshioka N, Masumoto T. et al. Brachial plexus injury: Clinical manifestations, conventional imaging findings, and the latest imaging techniques. Radiographics 2006; 26: s133-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Abul-Kasim K, Backman C, Björkman A, Dahlin LB. Advanced radiological work-up as an adjunct to decision in early reconstructive surgery in brachial plexus injuries. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2010; 5: 14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Filler AG, Maravilla KR, Tsuruda JS. MR neurography and muscle MR imaging for image diagnosis of disorders affecting the peripheral nerves and musculature. Neurol Clin 2004; 22: 643-82 vi-vii
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Bendszus M, Koltzenburg M. Visualization of denervated muscle by gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Neurology 2001; 57: 1709-11
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Seddon HJ. Three types of nerve injury. Brain 1943; 66: 238-88
    Google Scholar
  • 19 Chhabra A, Williams EH, Wang KC, Dellon AL, Carrino JA. MR neurography of neuromas related to nerve injury and entrapment with surgical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31: 1363-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Wittenberg KH, Adkins MC. MR imaging of nontraumatic brachial plexopathies: Frequency and spectrum of findings. Radiographics 2000; 20: 1023-32
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Aycicek A, Eser O, Sezer M, Degirmenci B. A neck mass with brachial plexus injury: Pott’s disease. Am J Otolaryngol 2009; 30: 350-2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Posniak HV, Olson MC, Dudiak CM, Wisniewski R, O’Malley C. MR imaging of the brachial plexus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993; 161: 373-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Demondion X, Herbinet P, Van Sint Jan S, Boutry N, Chantelot C, Cotten A. Imaging assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Radiographics 2006; 26: 1735-50
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Divya Narain Upadhyaya
B-2/128, Sector F, Janakipuram, Lucknow - 226 021, Uttar Pradesh
India   

  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Sureka J, Cherian RA, Alexander M, Thomas BP. MRI of brachial plexopathies. Clin Radiol 2009; 64: 208-18
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Upadhyaya V, Upadhyaya DN, Kumar A, Gujral RB. MR neurography in traumatic brachial plexopathy. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84: 927-32
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Delman BN, Som PM. Imaging of the brachial plexus. In: Som PM, Curtin HD. editors Head and Neck Imaging. 5 th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby; 2011. p 2743-70
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Chuang DC. Brachial plexus injuries: Adult and pediatric. In: Neligan PC, Chang J. editors Plastic Surgery. 3 rd ed. London, New York, Oxford, Saint Louis, Sydney, Toronto: Elsevier Saunders; 2013. p 789-816
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Aralasmak A, Karaali K, Cevikol C, Uysal H, Senol U. MR imaging findings in brachial plexopathy with thoracic outlet syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31: 410-7
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Mallouhi A, Marik W, Prayer D, Kainberger F, Bodner G, Kasprian G. 3T MR tomography of the brachial plexus: Structural and microstructural evaluation. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81: 2231-45
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Chhabra A, Thawait GK, Soldatos T, Thakkar RS, Del Grande F, Chalian M. et al. High-resolution 3T MR neurography of the brachial plexus and its branches, with emphasis on 3D imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34: 486-97
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Lutz AM, Gold G, Beaulieu C. MR imaging of the brachial plexus. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014; 24: 91-108
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Chhabra A, Andreisek G, Soldatos T, Wang KC, Flammang AJ, Belzberg AJ. et al. MR neurography: Past, present, and future. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 197: 583-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Jain DK, Bhardwaj P, Venkataramani H, Sabapathy SR. An epidemiological study of traumatic brachial plexus injury patients treated at an Indian centre. Indian J Plast Surg 2012; 45: 498-503
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Moran SL, Steinmann SP, Shin AY. Adult brachial plexus injuries: Mechanism, patterns of injury, and physical diagnosis. Hand Clin 2005; 21: 13-24
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Eppenberger P, Andreisek G, Chhabra A. Magnetic resonance neurography: Diffusion tensor imaging and future directions. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2014; 24: 245-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Chuang DC. Adult brachial plexus reconstruction with the level of injury: Review and personal experience. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124 (Suppl. 06) Suppl e359-69
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Yoshikawa T, Hayashi N, Yamamoto S, Tajiri Y, Yoshioka N, Masumoto T. et al. Brachial plexus injury: Clinical manifestations, conventional imaging findings, and the latest imaging techniques. Radiographics 2006; 26: s133-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Abul-Kasim K, Backman C, Björkman A, Dahlin LB. Advanced radiological work-up as an adjunct to decision in early reconstructive surgery in brachial plexus injuries. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2010; 5: 14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Filler AG, Maravilla KR, Tsuruda JS. MR neurography and muscle MR imaging for image diagnosis of disorders affecting the peripheral nerves and musculature. Neurol Clin 2004; 22: 643-82 vi-vii
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Bendszus M, Koltzenburg M. Visualization of denervated muscle by gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Neurology 2001; 57: 1709-11
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Seddon HJ. Three types of nerve injury. Brain 1943; 66: 238-88
    Google Scholar
  • 19 Chhabra A, Williams EH, Wang KC, Dellon AL, Carrino JA. MR neurography of neuromas related to nerve injury and entrapment with surgical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31: 1363-8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Wittenberg KH, Adkins MC. MR imaging of nontraumatic brachial plexopathies: Frequency and spectrum of findings. Radiographics 2000; 20: 1023-32
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Aycicek A, Eser O, Sezer M, Degirmenci B. A neck mass with brachial plexus injury: Pott’s disease. Am J Otolaryngol 2009; 30: 350-2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Posniak HV, Olson MC, Dudiak CM, Wisniewski R, O’Malley C. MR imaging of the brachial plexus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993; 161: 373-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Demondion X, Herbinet P, Van Sint Jan S, Boutry N, Chantelot C, Cotten A. Imaging assessment of thoracic outlet syndrome. Radiographics 2006; 26: 1735-50
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

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