Ultraschall Med 2019; 40(03): 359-365
DOI: 10.1055/a-0620-8100
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Implementation of Fetal Cardiac Guidelines for the Routine Second-Trimester Heart Examination: A Feasibility Study

Implementierung von Leitlinien zur Durchführung der fetalen Herzuntersuchung in das Zweittrimester Ultraschall-Screening: Eine Durchführbarkeitsstudie
Angeliki Gerede
1   3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Alexandros Sotiriadis
2   2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Aikaterini Karavida
1   3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Stamatios Petousis
1   3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Themistoklis Mikos
3   1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Efstratios Assimakopoulos
2   2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Basil C Tarlatzis
3   1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
,
Apostolos P Athanasiadis
1   3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

30 December 2017

16 April 2018

Publication Date:
19 October 2018 (online)

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to explore the feasibility of implementation of the ISUOG 2013 guidelines on routine second-trimester examination of the fetal heart.

Materials and Methods This was a prospective study in 357 women with singleton pregnancy undergoing their routine second-trimester scan. The fetal heart was examined using B-mode in different planes according to the guidelines. Potential maternal and fetal factors that can affect the rates of diagnostic-quality imaging for each of the recommended views were tested, using regression analysis. The intra- and interobserver agreement was analyzed in stored video loops.

Results Most cardiac structures could be successfully examined with rates at or close to 100 %. Structures with a successful examination rate of ≤ 85 % included the ventricular wall fine details (55.2 %), tricuspid valve insertion (82.6 %), aortic root with clear walls (77.9 %), pulmonary artery walls (65.8 %) and clear view of the great artery walls (66.7 %). Common factors affecting the likelihood of successful examination of these structures included maternal BMI, skin-to-crux distance and the orientation of the cardiac axis. A post-hoc analysis indicated that a lack of pre-defined criteria for diagnostic quality was a constant reason for the interobserver variation.

Conclusion Most of the cardiac views can be consistently and reliably obtained, with maternal habitus being the primary factor limiting the quality of visualization. As offline interpretation may be subjective, using pre-defined quality criteria for the assessment of the images might improve interrater agreement.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Die Studie untersucht die Durchführbarkeit der Implementierung der 2013 veröffentlichten ISUOG-Leitlinien zur Durchführung der fetalen Herzuntersuchung im Rahmen des Ultraschall-Screenings im II. Trimenon.

Material und Methoden Die prospektive Studie erfolgte an 357 Einlingsschwangerschaften, die zum Zweittrimester-Screening vorstellig wurden. Die fetale Herzanatomie wurde in den verschiedenen Schnittebenen im B-Bild, entsprechend den o. g. Leitlinien untersucht. Maternale und fetale Parameter, die die Bilddarstellung und Bildqualität beeinflussen können, wurden mittels Regressionsanalyse untersucht. Inter- und intraobservervariabilität wurden anhand von Videoaufnahmen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die meisten fetalen Herzstrukturen konnten mit einer nahezu 100 %-igen Erfolgsrate eingestellt werden. Einige Strukturen konnten dagegen in < 85 % der Fälle dargestellt werden: Details des Ventrikelmyokards (55,2 %), die Insertionsstelle der Trikuspidalklappe (82,6 %), die klare Darstellung der Aortenwurzel- (77,9 %) bzw. der Pulmonalarterienwände (65,8 %) sowie der Wände der drei Gefäße im oberen Thorax (66,7 %). Häufige Faktoren, die die erfolgreiche Darstellung dieser Strukturen beeinträchtigten, waren der maternale BMI, der Abstand zwischen Schallkopf und Herzkreuz sowie die Orientierung der Herzachse. Eine post-hoc Analyse zeigte, dass das Fehlen von klar vordefinierten Qualitätskriterien eine wichtige Ursache für abweichende Interobserver-Beurteilung war.

Schlussfolgerung Die Mehrzahl der in Leitlinien geforderten fetalen kardialen Ebenen können zuverlässig im Screening-Ultraschall eingestellt werden, wobei die mütterlichen Bauchdecken den wichtigsten limitierenden Faktor für den Erfolg darstellen. Vordefinierte Qualitätskriterien können bei einer Offline Auswertung (z. B. Videoaufnahmen) die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Untersuchern erhöhen.

 
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