Ödeme – Kardinalsymptom des nephrotischen Syndroms

Abstract

Edema is a common symptom with mostly extrarenal causes. Nevertheless, it may also be a sign of glomerular disease. So renal causes should always be clarified to avoid serious complications, such as renal insufficiency, cardiovascular or thrombembolic events. The determination of the albumin-creatinine ratio in spot urine is easy to perform and the method of choice to diagnose nephrotic-range proteinuria. Renal biopsy then usually allows the definitive assignement to either glomerular or systemic disease. Salt restriction in combination with diuretics and antiproteinuric treatment are essential for an effective therapy. Depending on the underlying disease and individual risk factors, anticoagulation should also be considered.

Ödeme sind in der ambulanten und stationären Patientenversorgung ein häufiges Symptom mit zumeist extrarenalen Ursachen. Ödeme sind aber auch die führende klinische Manifestation des nephrotischen Syndroms. Wird dieses jedoch nicht oder zu spät erkannt, drohen je nach Art der Grunderkrankung eine progrediente Niereninsuffizienz sowie vor allem kardiovaskuläre und thromboembolische Komplikationen. Eine frühe Diagnose und umfassende Therapie sind daher geboten.

Schlüsselwörter

nephrotisches Syndrom - Proteinurie - Ödeme

Key words

nephrotic syndrome - proteinuria - edema

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