Postoperative Blutung nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen

Zusammenfassung

Die postoperative Nachblutung nach thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen ist eine seltene, aber mit einer hohen Mortalität verknüpfte Komplikation. In der Literatur wird die Häufigkeit mit 0,6 – 2% bzw. 3 – 4,6% angegeben bei einer Mortalität von 5,1 bis zu 17,8%. Bei leichten Blutungen kann der Abfluss über die Thoraxdrainagen, Substitution von Gerinnungsprodukten (Fresh frozen Plasma, Tranexamsäure) und die Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten (EK) ausreichend sein, um diese zu kontrollieren. Bei ausgeprägten Blutungen ist jedoch meist eine Rethorakotomie erforderlich. Die Ursache der Nachblutung liegt meist in einem Bronchial- oder Interkostalgefäß (21 und 16%) oder an der Thoraxwand bei ausgedehnter Pleurolyse (10,5%). Die Pulmonalarterie oder -vene war nur in 16% Ursache der Blutung und in den meisten Fällen (37%) konnte keine aktive Blutungsquelle mehr identifiziert werden. Einen günstigen Effekt auf das postoperative Outcome nach Nachblutung scheint die rasche Revisionsoperation zu haben.

Abstract

Postoperative haemothorax following thoracic surgery is a rare complication, but associated with a high mortality. In the literature, this complication occurs in 0.6 to 4.6% of patients and with a mortality of 5.1 to 17.8%. In minor cases, chest tube placement, application of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or transfusion can be sufficient to control the situation. In severe cases, re-thoracotomy is mandatory. The most frequent origin of bleeding is a bronchial or intercostal vessel (21 and 16%) or the area of pleural adhesions that were separated (10.5%). The pulmonal artery or vein were the origin of bleeding in 16% of cases while in most cases (37%) active bleeding could no longer be detected. A positive effect on postoperative outcome is observed after an early reoperation.

Schlüsselwörter

Hämorrhagie - postoperative Blutung - postoperative Komplikation - Thoraxchirurgie

Key words

bleeding - postoperative bleeding - postoperative complication - thoracic surgery

• Literatur

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