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Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2019; 51(03): 113-124
DOI: 10.1055/a-0978-3431
Forschung
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Fortgeschrittenes Pankreaskarzinom: Hoch-intensiver fokussierter Ultraschall (HIFU) und andere lokal ablative Verfahren

Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) and Other Local Ablative Therapies
Milka Marinova‡
1   Radiologische Klinik/Universitätsklinikum Bonn
,
Timo Wilhelm-Buchstab‡
2   Radiologische Klinik/Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn
,
Holger Strunk
1   Radiologische Klinik/Universitätsklinikum Bonn
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 September 2019 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Das lokal fortgeschrittene Pankreaskarzinom ist ein lebenslimitierender Tumor mit einer Vielzahl von Symptomen, u. a. Tumorschmerz. Lokal ablative Verfahren, die thermische oder auch nichtthermische Techniken anwenden, können als moderne Therapieoptionen zur Tumorkontrolle und symptomatischen Verbesserung eingesetzt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die derzeit verfügbaren Behandlungsverfahren und -ergebnisse, einschließlich unserer eigenen Erfahrungen mit dem hoch-intensiven fokussierten Ultraschall (HIFU).

Methode Unsere Erfahrungen mit der HIFU-Therapie beim Pankreaskarzinom basieren auf 89 Patienten (UICC III-IV). Neben den HIFU-Ergebnissen wurden Ergebnisse zur lokalen Tumorkontrolle, Sicherheit sowie Mortalität und behandlungsabhängigen Veränderung von Symptomen aus publizierten Studien zur Radiofrequenz-, Mikrowellen- und Kryoablation, irreversiblen Elektroporation und stereotaktischen Strahlentherapie einbezogen.

Ergebnisse Obwohl die unterschiedlichen Modalitäten überwiegend sicher durchführbar sind, bietet der HIFU mit seiner Nicht-Invasivität einen entscheidenden methodischen Vorteil. Mit HIFU konnte bei 85% der Patienten eine effektive und lang anhaltende Schmerzlinderung erreicht werden; bei 50% war nach 6 Wochen keinerlei analgetische Medikation erforderlich. Leider sind Schmerzlinderung und Lebensqualität bei den anderen lokalen Behandlungsmethoden nur selten untersucht. Eine Tumormassenreduktion konnte mit allen ablativen Therapien erreicht werden, wobei diese 6 Monate nach HIFU im Mittel bei 60% lag. Unterschiede in der behandlungsassoziierten Morbidität wurden berichtet, sind jedoch aufgrund der unausgewogenen Studienpopulationen nur eingeschränkt vergleichbar.

Schlussfolgerung Eine Vielzahl an lokal ablativen Behandlungsmodalitäten sind zur Tumormassenreduktion beim fortgeschrittenen Pankreaskarzinom verfügbar, bieten aber unterschiedlichen symptomatischen Nutzen. Eine effektive und lang anhaltende Reduktion von Tumorschmerzen ohne Einführen von Nadeln oder Elektroden in den Tumorbereich bietet ausschließlich das HIFU-Verfahren. Randomisierte, kontrollierte klinische Studien zum direkten Vergleich der hier vorgestellten Modalitäten sind in der näheren Zukunft zu befürworten.

Abstract

Background Locally advanced pancreatic cancer is a life-limiting tumor with a wide range of incapacitating symptoms such as cancer-associated pain. Several local ablative therapies with both thermal and non-thermal sources have recently received significant attention as modern treatment options for local tumor control and symptomatic improvement. The following review article provides an overview of currently available techniques and their outcomes including our own experience with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) being one of the most exciting and innovative modalities.

Method Our experiences with HIFU treatment are based on 89 pancreatic cancer patients (UICC III-IV). Outcomes such as treatment-related changes in symptoms particularly in cancer pain and quality of life as well as local tumor response, safety and survival were compared to reported studies concerning HIFU, radiofrequency and microwave ablation, cryoablation, irreversible electroporation and stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Results Even though all strategies appeared to be feasible, the unique feature of noninvasiveness represents a substantial advantage of the HIFU procedure. In 85% of HIFU-treated patients, long-lasting pain relief was achieved. 50% of patients did not require any analgesic treatment 6 weeks post-ablation. Unfortunately, pain palliation and quality-of-life outcomes are only rarely reported for other local treatment modalities. Tumor mass reduction could be achieved with all ablative therapies, with a mean tumor volume reduction of 60% after 6 months in HIFU-treated pancreatic tumors. Differences in treatment-associated morbidity were reported. However, they are only partially comparable due to unbalanced study populations.

Conclusion Various local ablative treatment modalities are available and feasible for tumor mass reduction of advanced pancreatic cancer but with different symptomatic benefit for patients. An effective and long-lasting reduction of cancer-related pain was observed following HIFU without insertion of needles or electrodes. Randomized controlled studies for head-to-head comparison of these modalities are warranted in the near future.

Schlüsselwörter

Abdomen - Pankreas - Adenokarzinom - ablative Verfahren - interventionelle Verfahren - Ultraschall

Key words

Abdomen - pancreas - ablation procedures - interventional procedures - ultrasound - adenocarcinoma
 

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