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Planta Med 2019; 85(16): 1253-1262
DOI: 10.1055/a-1013-0434
Natural Product Chemistry and Analytical Studies
Original Papers
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Terminalia ferdinandiana Fruit and Leaf Extracts Inhibit Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Growth

Matthew J. Cheesman
1   School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Australia
2   Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Quality Use of Medicines Network, Australia
,
Alan White
3   School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Australia
,
Ben Matthews
4   Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW Health, Sydney, Australia
,
Ian E. Cock
3   School of Natural Sciences, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Australia
5   Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Australia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 27 June 2019
revised 12 September 2019

accepted 12 September 2019

Publication Date:
09 October 2019 (online)

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Abstract

The development of multiple antibiotic–resistant bacteria has vastly depleted our repertoire of effective antibiotic chemotherapies. The development of multi-β-lactam-resistant strains are particularly concerning due to our previous reliance on this class of antibiotics because of their initial efficacy and broad-spectrum activity. With increases in extended-spectrum β-lactam-resistance and an expanded resistance to other classes of antibiotics, there is an urgent need for the development of effective new antibiotic therapies. Terminalia ferdinandiana is an endemic Australian plant known for its high antioxidant and tannin contents. T. ferdinandiana fruit and leaf extracts have strong antibacterial activity against a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. However, T. ferdinandiana extracts have not been tested against ESBL and MRSA antibiotic-resistant pathogens. An objective of this study was to screen T. ferdinandiana fruit and leaf extracts for bacterial growth inhibitory activity by disc diffusion assay against β-lactam-sensitive and -resistant E. coli strains and against methicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by liquid dilution techniques. The fruit methanolic extract, as well as the methanolic, aqueous, and ethyl acetate leaf extracts strongly inhibited the growth of the MRSA, with MICs as low as 223 µg/mL. In contrast, the extracts were ineffective inhibitors of ESBL growth. Metabolomic fingerprint analysis identified a diversity and relative abundance of tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids, several of which have been reported to inhibit MRSA growth in isolation. All extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia nauplii and HDF toxicity assays, further indicating their potential for medicinal use.

Key words

Terminalia ferdinandiana - Combretaceae, Kakadu plum - MRSA - β-lactamase - ESBL

Supporting Information

    RP-HPLC and gas chromatograms are available as Supporting Information. Mass spectra for all identified compounds and complete metabolomics profiles are available from the corresponding author on request.

  • Supporting Information
 

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