Positive Effects of Probiotics on Motor Coordination and Brain during Moderate and High-Intensity Exercise in Adolescent Female Mice

Abstract

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and motor functions during different levels of exercise.

Methods Female adolescent mice (n=140) were divided into two groups, of which one group was fed probiotics and the other group was not. For both groups, three levels of exercise were conducted: non-exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, and high-intensity exercise. Probiotics acquisition and aerobic treadmill exercise were the main variables during the growth period. We evaluated motor function with a rotarod test and analyzed cytokines and neurotransmitters in the cerebellum.

Results In acceleration mode, the moderate and high-intensity exercise groups showed longer running times than the non-exercise groups (P<0.001). Also, the probiotic-ingestion group had longer latency before falling than those who did not take probiotics in both the high-intensity and the non-exercise groups (P=0.002, P=0.002, respectively). In steady-state mode, the non-exercise group showed lower records compared with the moderate and high-intensity exercise groups (P=0.017, P=0.004, respectively). The inflammatory cytokine levels were high in the groups that performed moderate and high-intensity exercises, but the high levels were relieved in those taking probiotics. The GABA concentration was high for the exercise group and the probiotic-ingestion group.

Conclusion Taken together, probiotics help improve motor skills during moderate and high-intensity exercise and help relieve inflammatory responses in the brain. Thus, we suggest that probiotics can be a useful supplement for brain and body development during exercise in adolescence.

Zusammenfassung

Ziele Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirkung von Probiotika auf die Konzentration inflammatorischer Zytokine und Neurotransmitter sowie auf die motorische Fähigkeit während verschiedener Belastungsstufen zu untersuchen.

Methoden Weibliche adoleszente Mäuse (n=140) wurden in 2 Gruppen aufgeteilt: eine Gruppe wurde mit Probiotika gefüttert, die andere Gruppe nicht. Mit beiden Gruppen wurden Trainings in 3 Stufen durchgeführt: kein Training (Nicht-Trainingsgruppe), mäßig intensive Belastung und hohe Belastung. Die Gabe von Probiotika und aerobes Laufbandtraining waren die Hauptvariablen in der Wachstumsperiode. Die motorische Fähigkeit wurde mit einem Rotarod-Test bestimmt. Außerdem wurde die Konzentration von Zytokinen und Neurotransmittern im Kleinhirn gemessen.

Ergebnisse Im Beschleunigungsmodus zeigten die moderaten und hochintensiven Trainingsgruppen längere Laufzeiten als die Nicht-Trainingsgruppen (P<0,001). Außerdem zeigte die Probiotika-Gruppe eine längere Dauer bis zum Herabfallen als die Gruppe ohne Probiotika, und zwar sowohl in der hochintensiven als auch in der Nicht-Trainingsgruppe (jeweils P=0,002, P=0,002). Im Steady-State-Modus zeigte die Nicht-Trainingsgruppe niedrigere Werte im Vergleich zu den Gruppen mit mäßiger und hoher Belastung (P=0,017 bzw. P=0,004). Die Werte der inflammatorischen Zytokine waren in den Gruppen mit mäßiger und hoher Belastung erhöht, in den Probiotika-Gruppen wurden jedoch die hohen Werte gemildert. Die GABA-Konzentration war in der Trainingsgruppe und in der Probiotika-Gruppe hoch.

Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt tragen Probiotika dazu bei, die motorischen Fähigkeiten während moderatem und hochintensivem Training zu verbessern und können dazu beitragen, Entzündungsreaktionen im Gehirn zu mildern. Probiotika könnten daher beim Training von Jugendlichen ein nützliches Ergänzungsmittel sein, das die Entwicklung von Gehirn und Körper positiv beeinflusst.

Key words

Probiotics - Motor Function - Cytokine - Neurotransmitter - Female Mice

Schlüsselwörter

Probiotika - Motorische Fähigkeit - Zytokine - Neurotransmitter - Weibliche Mäuse

Publication History

Received: 30 January 2021

Accepted after revision: 27 April 2021

Article published online:
22 June 2021

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