Moderner Ultraschall in der Diagnostik Neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Der neuromuskuläre Ultraschall hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem festen Bestandteil in der neurologischen Diagnostik entwickelt. Dazu tragen auch die fortwährende technische Weiterentwicklung der Methode und ihr unkomplizierter und nebenwirkungsfreier Einsatz direkt am Patienten bei. Im klinischen Alltag wird der Ultraschall in der Diagnostik und Differentialdiagnostik sowie in der Verlaufskontrolle traumatischer Nervenläsionen, sekundärer und dynamischer nervaler Kompressionssyndrome, hereditärer und akuter sowie chronisch autoimmuner Polyneuropathien, Motoneuron- und Muskelerkrankungen verwendet. Dabei spielt die Ultraschalldiagnostik auch zunehmend eine Rolle für Therapieentscheidungen, v.a. im Hinblick auf die operative Versorgung und den Einsatz oder die Fortführung immunmodulatorischer Medikamente. In den nächsten Jahren ist eine weitere interdisziplinäre Verbreitung und fortwährend zunehmende Standardisierung der Methode zu erwarten.

Abstract

Since the last decade, neuromuscular ultrasound has become part of the diagnostic and differential diagnostic processes of neuromuscular disorders in clinical practice. Ultrasound is an easily applicable bed-side method and is subject to constant technical development. In the clinic, neuromuscular ultrasound reveals changes in traumatic nerve injury, nerve compression, hereditary and acute or chronic autoimmune polyneuropathies, as well as motor neuron and primary muscle diseases. Sonography thereby also plays a role in guiding therapeutic decisions, especially regarding surgical intervention and immunomodulatory treatment. In the future, neuromuscular ultrasound can be expected to become more standardized, which will increase its importance across different medical disciplines.

Schlüsselwörter

Neuromuskulärer Ultraschall - Polyneuropathien - Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose - Kompressionssyndrome - Muskelerkrankungen

Key words

neuromuscular ultrasound - polyneuropathies - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - nerve compression syndromes - muscular disease

Publication History

Article published online:
02 March 2022

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