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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2023; 91(06): 256-261
DOI: 10.1055/a-1785-3632
Übersichtsarbeit

Koffein, Schokolade und Adenosin A2A Rezeptorantagonisten in der Behandlung des Parkinson Syndroms

Caffeine, Chocolate and Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Heinz Reichmann
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Dresden, Germany
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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Patienten mit einem idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndrom können offenbar vom Koffeinkonsum profitieren, wie bereits eine Reihe experimenteller und klinischer Studien belegen.

Methodik Die Übersichtsarbeit untersuchte die vorliegende Literatur zu Koffein und Parkinson.

Ergebnisse Koffein kann die Blut-Hirn-Schranke durchdringen und übt seine biologischen Effekte überwiegend durch Antagonisierung von Adenosin-Rezeptoren aus. Zahlreiche Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Koffein und seine Derivate Theobromin und Theophylin mit einem reduzierten Parkinsonrisiko verbunden sind. Koffein und Adenosin-Antagonisten verringern die Exzitotoxizität durch Glutamat. Evidenz aus Tiermodellen untermauert das Potential des A2A Rezeptorantagonismus als innovative Krankheits-verändernde Zielstruktur bei Parkinson

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Untersuchung und Synthese von Xanthin-Derivaten sowie deren Analyse in klinischen Studien ein vielversprechender Ansatz in der Therapie neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen sein könnten.

Abstract

Background Patients with Parkinson’s disease can apparently benefit from caffeine consumption, as a number of experimental and clinical studies have already shown.

Methods The review examined the available literature on caffeine and Parkinson’s disease.

Results Caffeine can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exerts its biological effects mainly by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Numerous studies indicate that caffeine and its derivatives theobromine and theophylline are associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease. Caffeine and adenosine antagonists reduce the excitotoxicity caused by glutamate. Evidence from animal models supports the potential of A2A receptor antagonism as an innovative disease-modifying target in Parkinson’s disease

Conclusion The present review shows that the investigation and synthesis of xanthine derivatives as well as their analysis in clinical studies could be a promising approach in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

Schlüsselwörter

Koffein - Schokolade - idiopathisches Parkinson Syndrom - Neuroprotektion

Key Words

Caffeine - chocolade - Parkinson’s disease - neuroprotection


Publication History

Received: 25 October 2021

Accepted: 06 February 2022

Article published online:
18 May 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14,70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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