Hypnotherapeutische Interventionen beim Reizdarmsyndrom – eine systematische Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Beim Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS) handelt es sich um eine häufige funktionelle Störung von erheblicher klinischer und gesundheitsökonomischer Relevanz. Pathophysiologisch wird eine multifaktorielle Genese der Erkrankung im Rahmen eines biopsychosozialen Modells diskutiert. Für den therapeutischen Ansatz der klinischen Hypnose liegen Daten von etwa 800 Patienten vor, die auf eine Wirksamkeit bei Reizdarmsyndrom hinweisen. Dabei sind die Wirkmechanismen der Hypnotherapie bis heute nicht gut untersucht und verstanden. In 9 Studien zu den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen wurden Einflüsse der Hypnose auf die kolorektale Sensitivität und Motilität sowie die psychische Belastung der Patienten durch Angst, Depression oder maladaptive Kognitionen gezeigt. Die bisherigen Untersuchungsergebnisse sind oft uneinheitlich und Auswirkungen auf viele der diskutierten Faktoren der Pathogenese sind gänzlich unerforscht. In dieser Übersicht sollen sowohl die vorhandenen Hypnotherapiestudien zur Symptomverbesserung als auch zur Aufklärung der Wirkmechanismen zusammengefasst und diskutiert werden.

Abstract

The Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional disorder with a remarkable clinical and economic impact. Several pathogenetic factors of IBS are discussed and summarised within a bio-psycho-social model. Data from published hypnotherapeutic interventions with approximately 800 patients show long-lasting symptom relief. The underlying mechanisms of action are not well understood. Nine mechanism studies show influences of hypnosis on colorectal sensitivity, colorectal motility and mental strain (anxiety, depression, maladaptive cognitions). Results are often contradictory and effects of hypnosis on several of the proposed pathogenetic factors are not examined at all. This paper reviews previous studies on hypnotherapy in IBS patients with a focus on symptom relief and mechanisms of action.

Schlüsselwörter

Reizdarmsyndrom - Hypnotherapie - Übersichtsarbeit - Symptomreduktion - Wirkmechanismen

Key words

irritable bowel syndrome - hypnotherapy - review article - symptom relief - mechanism of action

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