Int J Sports Med 2010; 31(11): 797-802
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261943
Training & Testing

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Metabolic Alkalosis, Recovery and Sprint Performance

J. C. Siegler1 , L. R. McNaughton1 , A. W. Midgley1 , S. Keatley1 , A. Hillman1
  • 1Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, United Kingdom
Further Information

Publication History

accepted after revision June 21, 2010

Publication Date:
11 August 2010 (online)

Abstract

Pre-exercise alkalosis and an active recovery improve the physiological state of recovery through slightly different mechanisms (e. g. directly increasing extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3-) vs. increasing blood flow), and combining the two conditions may provide even greater influence on blood acid-base recovery from high-intensity exercise. Nine subjects completed four trials (Placebo Active (PLAC A), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Active (BICARB A), Placebo Passive (PLAC P) and NaHCO3 Passive (BICARB P)), each consisting of three, 30-s maximal efforts with athree min recovery between each effort. Pre-exercisealkalosis was evident in both NaHCO3 conditions, as pH and HCO3- were significantly higher than both Placebo conditions (pH: 7.46±0.04 vs. 7.39±0.02; HCO3-: 28.8±1.9 vs. 23.2±1.4 mmol·L−1; p<0.001). In terms of performance, significant interactions were observed for average speed (p<0.05), with higher speeds evident in the BICARB A condition (3.9±0.3 vs. 3.7±0.4 m·s−1). Total distance covered was different (p=0.05), with post hoc differences evident between the BICARB A and PLAC P conditions (368±33 vs. 364±35 m). These data suggest that successive 30-s high intensity performance may be improved when coupled with NaHCO3 supplementation.

References

  • 1 Ahmaidi S, Granier P, Taoutaou Z, Mercier J, Dubouchaud H, Prefaut C. Effects of active recovery on plasma lactate and anaerobic power following repeated intensive exercise.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;  28 450-456
  • 2 Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H. Imparied calcium release during fatigue.  J Appl Physiol. 2008;  104 296-305
  • 3 Bogdanis GC, Nevill ME, Lakomy HK, Graham CM, Louis G. Effects of active recovery on power output during repeated maximal sprint cycling.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 1996;  74 461-469
  • 4 Bruton JD, Lannergren J, Westerblad H. Mechanisms underlying the slow recovery of force after fatigue: importance of intracellular calcium.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1998;  162 285-293
  • 5 Dawson B, Goodman C, Lawrence S, Preen D, Polglaze T, Fitzsimons M, Fournier P. Muscle phosphocreatine repletion following single and repeated short sprint efforts.  Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1997;  7 206-213
  • 6 Dodd S, Powers SK, Callender T, Brooks E. Blood lactate disappearance at various intensities of recovery exercise.  J Appl Physiol. 1984;  57 1462-1465
  • 7 Dorado C, Sanchis-Moysi J, Calbet JA. Effects of recovery mode on performance, O2 uptake, and O2 deficit during high-intensity intermittent exercise.  Can J Appl Physiol. 2004;  29 227-244
  • 8 Dupont G, Blondel N, Berthoin S. Performance for short intermittent runs: active recovery vs. passive recovery.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;  89 548-554
  • 9 Dupont G, Moalla W, Guinhouya C, Ahmaidi S, Berthoin S. Passive vs. active recovery during high-intensity intermittent exercises.  Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;  36 302-308
  • 10 Fitts RH. The cross-bridge cycle and skeletal muscle fatigue.  J Appl Physiol. 2008;  104 551-558
  • 11 Forbes SC, Raymer GH, Kowalchuk JM, Thompson RT, Marsh GD. Effects of recovery time on phosphocreatine kinetics during repeated bouts of heavy-intensity exercise.  Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008;  103 665-675
  • 12 Green HJ. Cation pumps in skeletal muscle: potential role in muscle fatigue.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1998;  162 201-213
  • 13 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. International Journal of Sports Medicine – Ethical Standards in Sport and Exercise Science Research.  Int J Sports Med. 2009;  30 701-702
  • 14 Kemp G, Boning D, Beneke R, Maassen N. Explaining pH change in exercising muscle: lactic acid, proton consumption, and buffering vs. strong ion difference.  Am J Physiol. 2006;  291 R235-R237
  • 15 Linderman J, Fahey TD. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion and exercise performance.  An update. Sports Med. 1991;  11 71-77
  • 16 Linderman JK, Gosselink KL. The effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on exercise performance.  Sports Med. 1994;  18 75-80
  • 17 McAinch AJ, Febbraio M A, Parkin JM, Zhao S, Tangalakis K, Stojanovska L, Carey MF. Effect of active vs. passive recovery on metabolism and performance during subsequent exercise.  Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004;  14 185-196
  • 18 McNaughton LR, Siegler J, Midgley A. Ergogenic effects of sodium bicarbonate.  Curr Sports Med Rep. 2008;  7 230-236
  • 19 Messonnier L, Kristensen M, Juel C, Denis C. Importance of pH regulation and lactate/H+ transport capacity for work production during supramaximal exercise in humans.  J Appl Physiol. 2007;  102 1936-1944
  • 20 Raymer GH, Marsh GD, Kowalchuk JM, Thompson RT. Metabolic effects of induced alkalosis during progressive forearm exercise to fatigue.  J Appl Physiol. 2004;  96 2050-2056
  • 21 Robergs R, Hutchinson K, Hendee S, Madden S, Siegler J. Influence of pre-exercise acidosis and alkalosis on the kinetics of acid-base recovery following intense exercise.  Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2005;  15 59-74
  • 22 Roth DA, Brooks GA. Lactate transport is mediated by a membrane-bound carrier in rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles.  Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990;  279 377-385
  • 23 Roth DA, Brooks GA. Lactate and pyruvate transport is dominated by a pH gradient-sensitive carrier in rat skeletal muscle sarcolemmal vesicles.  Arch Biochem Biophys. 1990;  279 386-394
  • 24 Sejersted OM, Sjogaard G. Dynamics and consequences of potassium shifts in skeletal muscle and heart during exercise.  Physiol Rev. 2000;  80 1411-1481
  • 25 Siegler JC, Keatley S, Midgley AW, Nevill AM, McNaughton LR. Pre-exercise alkalosis and acid-base recovery.  Int J Sports Med. 2008;  29 545-551
  • 26 Sostaric SM, Skinner SL, Brown MJ, Sangkabutra T, Medved I, Medley T, Selig SE, Fairweather I, Rutar D, McKenna MJ. Alkalosis increases muscle K+ release, but lowers plasma [K+] and delays fatigue during dynamic forearm exercise.  J Physiol. 2006;  570 185-205
  • 27 Spriet LL, Soderlund K, Bergstrom M, Hultman E. Skeletal muscle glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and pH during electrical stimulation in men.  J Appl Physiol. 1987;  62 616-621
  • 28 Spriet LL, Lindinger MI, McKelvie RS, Heigenhauser GJ, Jones NL. Muscle glycogenolysis and H+ concentration during maximal intermittent cycling.  J Appl Physiol. 1989;  66 8-13
  • 29 Stephenson DG, Lamb GD, Stephenson GM. Events of the excitation-contraction-relaxation (E-C-R) cycle in fast- and slow-twitch mammalian muscle fibres relevant to muscle fatigue.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1998;  162 229-245
  • 30 Thiriet P, Gozal D, Wouassi D, Oumarou T, Gelas H, LaCour JR. The effect of various recovery modalities on subsequent performance, in consecutive supramaximal exercise.  J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1993;  33 118-129
  • 31 Weltman A, Stamford BA, Fulco C. Recovery from maximal effort exercise: lactate disappearance and subsequent performance.  J Appl Physiol. 1979;  47 677-682

Correspondence

Dr. Jason C. SieglerPhD 

University of Hull

Sport, Health and Exercise

Science

Department of Sport,

Health and Exercise Science

HU6 7RX Hull

United Kingdom

Phone: +44/1482/466 337

Fax: +44/1482/465 149

Email: J.Siegler@hull.ac.uk

    >