Der Marathonlauf als gesundheitliches Risiko? – Internistische und orthopädische Aspekte

Der Marathonlauf stellt eine hohe Belastung für alle Organsysteme des Menschen dar. Die internistischen oder orthopädischen Probleme, die der moderne Mensch beim Training oder der Durchführung eines Marathonlaufs erleidet, sind vor allem in einer unzureichenden, nicht strukturierten Vorbereitung oder einer übermäßigen hochleistungsorientierten Ausübung des Laufs zu sehen. So sind sowohl internistische Probleme wie z. B. Vorhofflimmern oder Myokardinfarkte wie auch orthopädische Komplikationen (z. B. Überlastungsschäden) beim schlechter Trainierten häufiger.

Durch eine sportmedizinische Untersuchung vor Trainingsbeginn oder dem eigentlichen Wettkampf können vorliegende strukturelle oder funktionelle Herzerkrankungen sowie orthopädische Probleme erkannt werden. Durch adäquate sportwissenschaftliche Trainingssteuerung kann zudem eine suffiziente Vorbereitung und damit Prävention erzielt werden.

Marathon running imposes considerable stress on all human organs and on the entire system. However, most of the orthopedic or cardiovascular complications occur due to suboptimal preparation in combination with excessive motivation.

Hence, medical problems such as e.g. atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarctions or muscoskeletal strain injuries occur more frequently in inadequately trained runners who are in poor form.

Most of the underlying structural heart diseases can be identified by means of a thorough medical examination and exercise test prior to training or competitions. Adequate preparation and thus prevention of injuries can also be achieved by means of training schedules based on scientific knowledge of all the aspects of sports.

Key words

Marathon - cardiovascular complications - orthopedic risks

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