Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2013; 01(02): 89-102
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1344201
Internistische Intensivmedizin
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Notfälle in der Hämatologie und Onkologie

Emergencies in hematology and oncology
Alexander Baraniskin
,
Roland Schroers
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
08 August 2013 (online)

Kernaussagen
  • Typische Notfallsituationen, die bei hämatologisch-onkologische Erkrankungen auftreten können, sind die Hyperkalzämie, das Tumorlysesyndrom, die obere Einflussstauung, die Hyperviskositätssyndrome und der maligne Perikarderguss.

  • Die rechtzeitige Diagnose dieser Tumorkomplikationen erfordert die detaillierte Kenntnis der Klinik.

  • Die frühe interdisziplinäre Notfalltherapie und die erfolgreiche Kausalbehandlung der malignen Grunderkrankung entscheiden wesentlich über die Gesamtprognose des Patienten.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Annemans L, Moeremans K, Lamotte M et al. Incidence, medical resource utilisation and costs of hyperuricemia and tumour lysis syndrome in patients with acute leukaemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in four European countries. Leuk Lymphoma 2003; 44: 77-83
  • 2 Armstrong BA, Perez CA, Simpson JR et al. Role of irradiation in the management of superior vena cava syndrome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1987; 13: 531-539
  • 3 Ben-Horin S, Bank I, Shinfeld A et al. Diagnostic value of the biochemical composition of pericardial effusions in patients undergoing pericardiocentesis. Am J Cardiol 2007; 99: 1294-1297
  • 4 Blum W, Porcu P. Therapeutic apheresis in hyperleukocytosis and hyperviscosity syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost 2007; 33: 350-354
  • 5 Body JJ. Hypercalcemia of malignancy. Semin Nephrol 2004; 24: 48-54
  • 6 Böhme A, Ruhnke M, Karthaus M et al. Therapie von Pilzinfektionen in der Hämatologie und Onkologie. Leitlinien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Infektionen in der Hämatologie und Onkologie (AGIHO) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie (DGHO). Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 126: 1440-1447
  • 7 Buchheidt D, Böhme A, Cornely O et al. Dokumentierte Infektionen bei Neutropenie - Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Infektionen in der Hämatologie und Onkologie - Fachgruppe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001; 126: 1085-1090
  • 8 Burtis WJ, Brady TG, Orloff JJ et al. Immunochemical characterization of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer. N Engl J Med 1990; 322: 1106-1112
  • 9 Cairo MS. Prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in hematological malignancies. Clin Lymphoma 2002; 3 : 26-31
  • 10 Cairo MS, Bishop M. Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification. Br J Haematol 2004; 127: 3-11
  • 11 Cairo MS, Coiffier B, Reiter A et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of risk and prophylaxis of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS) in adults and children with malignant diseases: an expert TLS panel consensus. Br J Haematol 2010; 149: 578-586
  • 12 Clines GA, Guise TA. Hypercalcaemia of malignancy and basic research on mechanisms responsible for osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis to bone. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005; 12: 549-583
  • 13 Coiffier B, Altman A, Pui CH et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric and adult tumor lysis syndrome: an evidence-based review. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 2767-2778
  • 14 Dequanter D, Lothaire P, Berghmans T et al. Severe pericardial effusion in patients with concurrent malignancy: a retrospective analysis of prognostic factors influencing survival. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15: 3268-3271
  • 15 Dimopoulos MA, Kyle RA, Anagnostopoulos A et al. Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1564-1577
  • 16 Gutiérrez-Macías A, Lizarralde-Palacios E, Martínez-Odriozola P et al. Fatal allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome after treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. BMJ 2005; 331: 623-624
  • 17 Halfdanarson TR, Hogan WJ, Moynihan TJ. Oncologic emergencies: diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81: 835-848
  • 18 Hande KR, Garrow GC. Acute tumor lysis syndrome in patients with high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Med 1993; 94: 133-139
  • 19 Higdon ML, Higdon JA. Treatment of oncologic emergencies. Am Fam Physician 2006; 74: 1873-1880
  • 20 Horwitz MJ, Tedesco MB, Sereika SM et al. Direct comparison of sustained infusion of human parathyroid hormone-related protein-(1-36) [hPTHrP-(1-36)] versus hPTH-(1-34) on serum calcium, plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and fractional calcium excretion in healthy human volunteers. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2003; 88: 1603-1609
  • 21 Karam N, Patel P, deFilippi C. Diagnosis and management of chronic pericardial effusions. Am J Med Sci 2001; 322: 79-87
  • 22 Karatolios K, Maisch B. Die Perikardbiopsie. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2007; 132: 1707-1710
  • 23 Kremer R, Shustik C, Tabak T et al. Parathyroid-hormone-related peptide in hematologic malignancies. Am J Med 1996; 100: 406-411
  • 24 Kunitoh H, Tamura T, Shibata T et al. A randomised trial of intrapericardial bleomycin for malignant pericardial effusion with lung cancer (JCOG9811). Br J Cancer 2009; 100: 464-469
  • 25 Ling PJ, A'Hern RP, Hardy JR. Analysis of survival following treatment of tumour-induced hypercalcaemia with intravenous pamidronate (APD). Br J Cancer 1995; 72: 206-209
  • 26 Maisch B, Ristic A, Pankuweit S. Evaluation and management of pericardial effusion in patients with neoplastic disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010 Sep-Oct 53: 157-63
  • 27 Mehta J, Singhal S. Hyperviscosity syndrome in plasma cell dyscrasias. Semin Thromb Hemost 2003; 29: 467-471
  • 28 Ostler PJ, Clarke DP, Watkinson AF et al. Superior vena cava obstruction: a modern management strategy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol ) 1997; 9: 83-89
  • 29 Parish JM, Marschke Jr RF, Dines DE et al. Etiologic considerations in superior vena cava syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 1981; 56: 407-413
  • 30 Pecherstorfer M, Schilling T, Blind E et al. Parathyroid hormone-related protein and life expectancy in hypercalcemic cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 1268-1270
  • 31 Presswala RG, Hiranandani NL. Pleural effusion and superior vena cava canal syndrome in Hodgkin's disease. J Indian Med Assoc 1965; 45: 502-503
  • 32 Rice TW, Rodriguez RM, Light RW. The superior vena cava syndrome: clinical characteristics and evolving etiology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2006; 85: 37-42
  • 33 Roodman GD. Pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. Leukemia 2009; 23: 435-441
  • 34 Rowell NP, Gleeson FV. Steroids, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and stents for superior vena caval obstruction in carcinoma of the bronchus: a systematic review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2002; 14: 338-351
  • 35 Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 373-379
  • 36 Sonbol MB, Yadav H, Vaidya R et al. Methemoglobinemia and hemolysis in a patient with G6PD deficiency treated with rasburicase. Am J Hematol 2013; 88: 152-4
  • 37 Thomas L, Kwok Y, Edelman MJ. Management of paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2004; 5: 51-62
  • 38 Tsang TS, Seward JB, Barnes ME et al. Outcomes of primary and secondary treatment of pericardial effusion in patients with malignancy. Mayo Clin Proc 2000; 75: 248-253
  • 39 Uaje C, Kahsen K, Parish L. Oncology emergencies. Crit Care Nurs Q 1996; 18: 26-34
  • 40 Urruticoechea A, Mesia R, Dominguez J et al. Treatment of malignant superior vena cava syndrome by endovascular stent insertion. Experience on 52 patients with lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2004; 43: 209-214
  • 41 Van Poznak C. Hypercalcemia of malignancy remains a clinically relevant problem. Cancer J 2006; 12: 21-23
  • 42 Wilkes JD, Fidias P, Vaickus L et al. Malignancy-related pericardial effusion. 127 cases from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute. Cancer 1995; 76: 1377-1387
  • 43 Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC, Yahalom J. Clinical practice. Superior vena cava syndrome with malignant causes. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1862-1869
  • 44 Zarkovic M, Kwaan HC. Correction of hyperviscosity by apheresis. Semin Thromb Hemost 2003; 29: 535-542