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Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2013; 138(44): 2253-2259
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349606
Übersicht | Review article
Sportmedizin
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bedeutung und Evidenz der körperlichen Aktivität zur Prävention und Therapie von Erkrankungen

Importance and evidence of regular physical activity for prevention and treatment of diseases
H. Löllgen
1   Praxis Innere Medizin, Kardiologie, Sportkardiologie, Remscheid
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Publication History

20 December 2012

08 July 2013

Publication Date:
22 October 2013 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche Studien haben negative Folgen von Bewegungsmangel und sitzender Tätigkeit auf Morbidität und Mortalität ergeben. Regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität hat dagegen eindeutig positive Auswirkungen. Inzwischen hat körperliches Training Eingang in die klinische Medizin gefunden und wird heute in vielen Disziplinen als Therapie und Therapieergänzung eingesetzt.

Der vorliegende Beitrag basiert auf einer Literaturrecherche, Meta-Analysen und aktuellen Übersichtsarbeiten. Beschrieben wird die Bedeutung und Evidenz des körperlichen Trainings bei Herz-, Gefäß- und Lungenerkrankungen, bei Diabetes mellitus, Nierenkrankheiten und Tumorleiden. Körperliche Aktivität spielt für die Primärprävention und Therapie eine bedeutende Rolle. Die Evidenz wird in den meisten klinische Fächern und Krankheiten als hochgradig eingestuft. Körperliches Training wird in der Therapie, im Verlauf und in der Rehabilitation verschiedener Krankheiten mittlerweile wie ein hochwirksames Medikament eingesetzt. Es besteht eine nicht-lineare Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehung, psychologische Aspekte spielen eine Rolle, Nebenwirkungen sind zu beachten. Für das körperliche Training bieten sich detaillierte, allgemeine und krankheitsbezogene Trainingsempfehlungen an. Diese beinhalten die Trainingsart, -dauer, -häufigkeit, -intensität und -steigerung.

Abstract

A sedentary lifestyle has been shown to have negative effects on morbidity and mortality. In contrast, a large number of prospective cohort studies on the effects of regular physical activity demonstrated positive effects. Therefore, physical training is today an essential part of prevention and therapy in internal medicine. This review is based on literature research in meta-analysis and review papers. Regular physical exercise or training is a significant and evidence-based part of prevention and therapy of diseases such as heart, cardiovascular and lung diseases, diabetes mellitus, renal disease and cancer. Evidence of training effects is mostly high grade. Physical activity or exercise training is indicated in many diseases as medicine – similar as a drug. It is applied after acute treatment as a component of the standard drug therapy. There is a non-linear dose-response effect, psychological aspects and some side-effects need to be considered.

In conclusion, physical exercise acts as a highly efficient drug, and should be used in many diseases. Training recommendations refer to the kind, the duration, the intensity, the frequency and the increase of training.

Schlüsselwörter

Bewegung - Training als Therapie - Krankheiten - Prävention

Keywords

physical activity - exercise as treatment - diseases - prevention
 

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