Klin Padiatr 2014; 226(01): 19-23
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363245
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Nasogastric vs. Intravenous Rehydration in Children with Gastroenteritis and Refusal to Drink: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nasogastrale vs. intravenöse Rehydratation bei Kindern mit Gastroenteritis und Nahrungsverweigerung: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie
J. Marquard
1   Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
,
C. Lerch
2   Department of General Practice, Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
,
A. Rosen
1   Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
,
H. Wieczorek
1   Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
,
E. Mayatepek
1   Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
,
T. Meißner
1   Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
16 January 2014 (online)

Abstract

Background:

Nasogastric rehydration therapy (NGRT) is the recommended therapy in moderately dehydrated children with gastroenteritis and refusal to drink, since it is supposed to be as effective if not better than intravenous rehydration therapy (IVRT). However, in clinical practice IVRT is often favored. We conducted a clinical trial to determine whether IVRT is not inferior to NGRT.

Patients and Methods:

Children 3 months to 6 years of age with moderate dehydration and refusal to drink secondary to gastroenteritis were recruited. After clinical assessment of the degree of dehydration, patients were assigned randomly to receive either IVRT or NGRT over 6 h on the hospital ward.

Results:

Recruitment did not yield the estimated number of patients. Mainly, non-enrollment was due to failure to obtain parental consent because IVRT was expected. 97 patients were enrolled in the study, 46 were randomized to NGRT and 51 to IVRT. There was no difference between IVRT and NGRT groups concerning length of hospital stay (2.2±1.1 days vs. 2.4±1.1 days), success of rehydration (78 vs. 76%) and adverse events.

Discussion:

Since we had to terminate the study ahead of schedule due to a low recruiting rate, our results are not reliable. However, data from the literature shows that the widespread described superiority of NGRT over IVRT is seriously influenced by studies from developing countries questioning the applicability of the results to a setting available in high-income countries nowadays.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates the difficulties performing such a study in a high-income country to come to an objective and clearly evident final conclusion.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund:

Bei Kindern mit moderater Dehydratation, akuter Gastroenteritis (aGE) und Nahrungsverweigerung wird eine nasogastrale Rehydratationstherapie (NGRT) empfohlen. In der klinischen Praxis wird jedoch häufig eine intravenöse Rehydratationstherapie favorisiert (IVRT). Wir untersuchten im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie, ob eine NGRT der IVRT unterlegen ist.

Patienten und Methode:

Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten im Alter von 3 Monaten bis 6 Jahre mit moderater Dehydratation, aGE und Nahrungsverweigerung. Nach klinischer Einschätzung des Schweregrades der Dehydratation wurden die Patienten randomisiert dem Behandlungsarm NGRT oder IVRT zugeteilt und über 6 h unter stationären Bedingungen rehy­driert.

Ergebnisse:

Die geplante Fallzahl wurde nicht erreicht, viele Eltern lehnten die Studienteilnahme ab, da sie eine IVRT erwarteten. Insgesamt wurde 97 Patienten in die Studie eingeschlossen (46 NGRT, 51 IVRT). Es zeigten sich keine Unterschiede in der Länge des Kran­kenhausaufenthaltes (2,2±1,1 Tage IVRT vs. 2,4±1,1 Tage NGRT), beim Erfolg der Rehydratationstherapie (78% IVRT vs. 76% NGRT) sowie unerwünschten Ereignissen.

Diskussion:

Da die Studie vorzeitig beendet wurde, können keine Schlussfolgerungen aus den Ergebnissen gezogen werden. Dennoch ist zu erwähnen, dass die häufig beschriebenen Vorteile der NGRT über die IVRT auf Studien aus Entwicklungsländern beruhen und sich nicht auf die heutige Therapie in Industriestaaten übertragen lassen.

Schlussfolgerung:

Unsere Studie zeigt die Schwierigkeiten der Durchführbarkeit einer Studie in diesem Bereich, um zu klaren Ergebnisse zu kommen.

 
  • References

  • 1 Dupont WD, Plummer WD. Power and Sample Size Calculations: A Review and Computer Program. Control Clin Trials 1990; 11: 116-128
  • 2 Freedman SB, Keating LE, Rumatir M et al. Health Care Provider and Caregiver Preferences Regarding Nasogastric and Intravenous Rehydration. Pediatrics 2012; 130: e1504-e1511
  • 3 Gonzalez-Adriano SR, Valdes-Garza HE, Garcia-Valdes LC. Oral hydration versus intravenous hydration in patients with acute diarrhea. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1988; 45: 165-172
  • 4 Gorelick MH, Shaw KN, Murphy KO. Validity and reliability of clinical signs in the diagnosis of dehydration in children. Pediatrics 1997; 99: E6
  • 5 Gremse DA. Effectiveness of nasogastric rehydration in hospatalized children with acute diarrhea. JPGN 1995; 21: 145-148
  • 6 Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases: Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children. JPGN 2008; 46: S81-S122
  • 7 Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N et al. Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 3 CD004390
  • 8 King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Managing acute gastroenteritis among children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR Recomm Rep 2003; 21: 1-16
  • 9 Mackenzie A, Barnes G. Randomised controlled trial comparing oral and intravenous rehydration therapy in children with diarrhoea. BMJ 1991; 303: 393-396
  • 10 Nager AL, Wang VJ. Comparison of nasogastric and intravenous methods of rehydration in pediatric patients with acute dehydration. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 566-572
  • 11 Ozuah PO, Avner JR, Stein RE. Oral rehydration, emergency physicians, and practice parameters: a national survey. Pediatrics 2002; 109: 259-261
  • 12 Sharifi J, Ghavami F, Nowrouzi Z et al. Oral versus intravenous rehydration therapy in severe gastroenteritis. Arch Dis Child 1985; 60: 856-860
  • 13 Shimandle RB, Johnson D, Baker M et al. Safety of Peripheral Intravenous Catheters in Children. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20: 736-740
  • 14 Vesikari T, Isolauri E, Baer M. A comparative trial of rapid oral and intravenous rehydration in acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr Scand 1987; 76: 300-305