Nicht-invasive Beatmung auf der Intensivstation – Vorteile, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und praktische Aspekte

Die nicht-invasive Beatmung (NIV) hat auf der Intensivstation eine gesicherte Indikation zur Behandlung der akuten respiratorischen Insuffizienz infolge einer Pneumonie oder eines kardialen Lungenödems sowie der Behandlung des akuten ventilatorischen Versagens, insbesondere bei der akut-exazerbierten chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung. Über die Akuttherapie hinaus stellt die NIV eine effektive Therapieoption des Postextubationsversagens und der Beatmungsentwöhnung (Weaning) dar. Durch den Einsatz der NIV können invasive Beatmungen mit den hierdurch bedingten Komplikationen vermieden werden und die Aufenthaltsdauer auf der Intensivstation reduziert werden, was nachweislich zu einer Reduktion der Mortalität führt.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in intensive care medicine has a proven indication for the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency in patients with pneumonia and cardiogenic pulmonary edema as well as acute ventilatory failure such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, NIV should be considered for avoiding respiratory failure after extubation failure or for managing prolonged or difficult weaning. NIV reduces the need for invasive ventilation with its associated complications and shortens the length of stay on the intensive care unit, both leading to reduction of mortality.

Key words

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - cardiogenic pulmonary edema - pneumonia - extubation failure

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