Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2014; 35(11): 912-915
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372628
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Acute Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning is Detrimental to Anaerobic Performance in Cyclists

R. C. Paixão
1   Postgraduating Program in Physical Education and Sports, Byodinamis of Performance Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2   Department of Education, State University of Bahia (UNEB), Guanambi, Bahia, Brazil
,
G. R. da Mota
1   Postgraduating Program in Physical Education and Sports, Byodinamis of Performance Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
,
M. Marocolo
1   Postgraduating Program in Physical Education and Sports, Byodinamis of Performance Research Group, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 13 February 2014

Publication Date:
26 May 2014 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Correction to:

Acute Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning is Detrimental to Anaerobic Performance in CyclistsInt J Sports Med 2014; 35(11): e5-e5
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1384588

Abstract

We verified the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in cyclists before high-intensity and short-duration activity. 15 amateur cyclists participated in a random crossover model on 2 different days [IPC or CONTROL (CON)]. Ischemic preconditioning consisted of 4 cycles of 5 min occlusion/5 min reperfusion in each thigh. After IPC or CON, volunteers performed a series of Wingate tests to evaluate anaerobic performance (maximal [Pmax] and medium [Pmed] power output, total anaerobic power, and fatigue index). Blood lactate concentrations were assessed at 6 min after each Wingate test. Ischemic preconditioning decreased Pmax (p<0.05), Pmed (p<0.01), and total anaerobic power (p<0.01) in the first Wingate, and decreased Pmed (p<0.01) and total anaerobic power (p<0.01) in the second Wingate (p<0.01). No significant differences were found in blood lactate or fatigue index between IPC and CON. In conclusion, our results indicate that IPC has a detrimental acute effect on anaerobic performance in amateur cyclists. Compared with positive results of previous studies, the effect of IPC seems to be dependent on the type of exercise.

Key words

ischemia - reperfusion - exercise test - athletic performance
 

  • References

  • 1 Allen DG, Lamb GD, Westerblad H. Skeletal muscle fatigue: cellular mechanisms. Physiol Rev 2008; 88: 287-332
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Aspenes ST, Karlsen T. Exercise-training intervention studies in competitive swimming. Sports Med 2012; 42: 527-543
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bailey TG, Jones H, Gregson W, Atkinson G, Cable NT, Thijssen DH. Effect of ischemic preconditioning on lactate accumulation and running performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012; 44: 2084-2089
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Baker JS, McCormick MC, Robergs RA. Interaction among skeletal muscle metabolic energy systems during intense exercise. J Nutr Metab 2010; 2010: 1-30
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Bar-Or O. The Wingate anaerobic test. An update on methodology, reliability and validity. Sports Med 1987; 4: 381-394
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Clevidence MW, Mowery RE, Kushnick MR. The effects of ischemic preconditioning on aerobic and anaerobic variables associated with submaximal cycling performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112: 3649-3654
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Coppin E, Heath EM, Bressel E, Wagner DR. Wingate anaerobic test reference values for male power athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2012; 7: 232-236
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Crisafulli A, Tangianu F, Tocco F, Concu A, Mameli O, Mulliri G, Caria MA. Ischemic preconditioning of the muscle improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans. J Appl Physiol 2011; 111: 530-536
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Das M, Das DK. Molecular mechanism of preconditioning. IUBMB Life 2008; 60: 199-203
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 de Groot PC, Thijssen DH, Sanchez M, Ellenkamp R, Hopman MT. Ischemic preconditioning improves maximal performance in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 108: 141-146
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Dotan R, Bar-Or O. Load optimization for the Wingate anaerobic test. Eur J Appl Physiol 1983; 51: 409-417
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Fell JW, Rayfield JM, Gulbin JP, Gaffney PT. Evaluation of the Accusport lactate analyser. Int J Sports Med 1998; 19: 199-204
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Gibson N, White J, Neish M, Murray A. Effect of ischemic preconditioning on land-based sprinting in team-sport athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013; 8: 671-676
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Gmada N, Bouhlel E, Mrizak I, Debabi H, Ben Jabrallah M, Tabka Z, Feki Y, Amri M. Effect of combined active recovery from supramaximal exercise on blood lactate disappearance in trained and untrained man. Int J Sports Med 2013; 26: 1025-1028
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 1025-1028
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Jean-St-Michel E, Manlhiot C, Li J, Tropak M, Michelsen MM, Schmidt MR, McCrindle BW, Wells GD, Redington AN. Remote preconditioning improves maximal performance in highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011; 43: 1280-1286
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Libonati JR, Cox M, Incanno N, Melville SK, Musante FC, Glassberg HL, Guazzi M. Brief periods of occlusion and reperfusion increase skeletal muscle force output in humans. Cardiologia 1998; 43: 1355-1360
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Messonnier L, Kristensen M, Juel C, Denis C. Importance of pH regulation and lactate/H+ transport capacity for work production during supramaximal exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 2007; 102: 1936-1944
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Moses MA, Addison PD, Neligan PC, Ashrafpour H, Huang N, Zair M, Rassuli A, Forrest CR, Grover GJ, Pang CY. Mitochondrial KATP channels in hindlimb remote ischemic preconditioning of skeletal muscle against infarction. Am J Physiol 2005; 288: 559-567
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Murphy CG, Winter DC, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Tourniquet injuries: pathogenesis and modalities for attenuation. Acta Orthop Belg 2005; 71: 635-645
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 1986; 74: 1124-1136
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Paoli A, Bianco A, Battaglia G, Bellafiore M, Grainer A, Marcolin G, Cardoso CC, Dall’aglio R, Palma A. Sports massage with ozonised oil or non-ozonised oil: comparative effects on recovery parameters after maximal effort in cyclists. Phys Ther Sport 2013; 14: 240-245
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Patterson S, Klenerman L. The effect of pneumatic tourniquets on the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1979; 61-B: 178-183
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Reimer KA, Jennings RB. Ischemic preconditioning: a brief review. Basic Res Cardiol 1996; 91: 1-4
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Tanaka H, Bassett Jr DR, Swensen TC, Sampedro RM. Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of competitive cyclists in the United States Cycling Federation. Int J Sports Med 1993; 14: 334-338
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Vuorinen K, Ylitalo K, Peuhkurinen K, Raatikainen P, Ala-Rami A, Hassinen IE. Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in rat myocardium. Roles of adenosine, cellular energy state, and mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase. Circulation 1995; 91: 2810-2818
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Yamashita N, Hoshida S, Taniguchi N, Kuzuya T, Hori M. A “second window of protection” occurs 24 h after ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998; 30: 1181-1189
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Zabala M, Peinado AB, Calderon FJ, Sampedro J, Castillo MJ, Benito PJ. Bicarbonate ingestion has no ergogenic effect on consecutive all out sprint tests in BMX elite cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111: 3127-3134
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Zupan MF, Arata AW, Dawson LH, Wile AL, Payn TL, Hannon ME. Wingate anaerobic test peak power and anaerobic capacity classifications for men and women intercollegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 2598-2604
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar