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Horm Metab Res 2015; 47(04): 273-279
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1389903
Endocrine Care
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Vitamin D Deficiency is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetics and Reduced Insulin Production in Type 2 Diabetics

A. Esteghamati
1   Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
,
Z. Aryan
2   Students’ scientific research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
,
AR. Esteghamati
3   Department of pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
,
M. Nakhjavani
1   Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 30 January 2014

accepted 06 August 2014

Publication Date:
17 September 2014 (online)

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Abstract

It is not known whether the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with glycemic measurements of individuals without diabetes is similar to those with diabetes or not. This study is aimed to investigate the association of serum 25(OH)D with glycemic markers of diabetics, nondiabetics, and prediabetics. A case-control study was conducted on age and sex matched 1 195 patients with type 2 DM, 121 prediabetics, and 209 healthy controls. Anthropometric variables, lipid profile, glycemic measurements, and serum 25(OH)D levels were recorded. Serum insulin and C-peptide levels were also measured. All glycemic measurements were compared between diabetics and nondiabetics and prediabetics at different vitamin D status. Patients with DM had lower serum 25(OH)D compared to prediabetics and healthy controls. Endogenous insulin production in response to food intake and in fasting was significantly lower in vitamin D deficient patients with DM compared to those with serum 25(OH)D>40 ng/ml. Diabetic women with serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml had lower beta cell function as estimated by lower HOMA-B compared to their counterparts with serum 25(OH)D>40 ng/ml. Healthy individuals with serum 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml had signs of insulin resistance as estimated by significant increase of HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). In addition, we found that serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with insulin resistance. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetics, which is independent of obesity. Furthermore, vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced insulin production in type 2 diabetics, which was mainly observed in men. Accordingly, a gender disparity also exists in association of serum 25(OH)D with glycemic measurements.

Key words

vitamin D deficiency - insulin resistance - obesity - type 2 diabetes

Supporting Information

 

  • References

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