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Horm Metab Res 2015; 47(04): 239-246
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1396893
Review
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Focus on Vitamin D and the Adrenal Gland

G. Muscogiuri
1   Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, University “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
,
B. Altieri
2   Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
,
M. Penna-Martinez
3   Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine 1, Center of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
,
K. Badenhoop
3   Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Medicine 1, Center of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 25 August 2014

accepted 11 December 2014

Publication Date:
27 February 2015 (online)

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Abstract

The main role of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, thus preserving bone health. However, recent evidences have demonstrated that vitamin D may also play a role in a variety of nonskeletal disorders such as endocrine diseases and in particular type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, adrenal diseases, and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite controversial results on an association of low vitamin D levels with cortisol and aldosterone overproduction, encouraging in vitro findings have been reported on vitamin D effects in adrenocortical cancer cells. The focus of this review is the role of vitamin D in adrenal diseases and the results of vitamin D supplementation studies in patients. Although many studies support a beneficial role of vitamin D in adrenal disease, randomized controlled trials and mechanistic studies are required to provide more insight into the efficacy and safety of vitamin D as a therapeutic tool.

Key words

rapid vitamin D action - Cushing’s syndrome - adrenal cancer - primary hyperaldosteronism - Addison’s disease
 

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