Konzeption und Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Transitionskompetenz von Jugendlichen mit chronischen Erkrankungen – Entwicklung und Prüfung eines Selbstbeurteilungsinstrumentes

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Es hat sich gezeigt, dass gesundheitsbezogene Versorgungs- und Selbstmanagementkompetenzen bei Jugendlichen erforderlich sind, um den Übergang in die Erwachsenenversorgung zu ermöglichen. Ziel ist, ein Instrument zur Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Transitionskompetenz (TK) zu entwickeln und psychometrisch zu testen.

Methodik: Die Instrumentenentwicklung wurde in mehreren Schritten mit konzeptuellen und psychometrischen Analysen durchgeführt. Basierend auf qualitativen Analysen von Fokusgruppen mit chronisch kranken Jugendlichen und Experteninterviews wurde ein Itempool zur Erfassung von TK entwickelt. Das Instrument wurde in einer Pilotstudie mit N=323 Jugendlichen mit chronischen Erkrankungen getestet und finalisiert.

Ergebnisse: Es konnten die drei Subskalen „Arbeitswelt“ (3 Items), „krankheitsbezogenes Wissen“ (3 Items) und „Versorgungskompetenz“ (4 Items) mit guten psychometrischen Werten identifiziert werden, die sich auch zu einer Globalskala zusammenfassen lassen.

Schlussfolgerungen: Die Skalen bieten eine ökonomische Möglichkeit, die notwendigen Kompetenzen im Vorfeld und im Verlauf der Transition standardisiert zu erfassen. Dies ermöglicht auch die Erfassung der Wirksamkeit von transitionsbezogenen Maßnahmen (z. B. Schulungen).

Abstract

Background: The importance of health-related care and self-management responsibilities has been shown in recent research. The aim of this work is the development and psychometric testing of an instrument to assess health-related transition competence.

Methods: The instrument was developed with psychometric and conceptual methods in several steps. Based on focus group and expert interviews, an item pool to assess health-related transition competence was developed. The instrument was tested and finalised in a pilot study with adolescents with chronic conditions (N=323).

Results: Three subscales “work-related preparedness” (3 items), “condition-related knowledge” (3 items) and “health-care competence” (4 items) with proper psychometric properties were identified. The subscales can be combined to a global score.

Conclusions: The scales feature good psychometrics. They efficiently facilitate the standardised assessment of health-related transition competence in preparation and progress of the transition. This also enables for outcome assessment of health-care services related to transition competence (e. g., workshops).

Schlüsselwörter

Transition - gesundheitsbezogene Transitionskompetenz - chronische Erkrankung - Adoleszenz - Gesundheitskompetenz

Key words

transition - health-related transition competence - chronic condition - adolescence - health literacy

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