Tissue Engineering and the Future of Facial Volumization

Abstract

Volume loss due to facial aging can be restored by facial volumization using a variety of materials. Volumization can be performed in isolation or concurrent with other facial rejuvenation procedures to obtain an optimal aesthetic result. There is a myriad of manufactured products available for volumization. The use of autologous fat as facial filler has been adopted more recently and possesses certain advantages; however, the ideal filler is still lacking. Tissue engineering may offer a solution. This technology would provide autologous soft-tissue components for use in facial volumization. The use of stem cells may enable customization of the engineered product for the specific needs of each patient.

Keywords

facial volumization - facial rejuvenation - fillers - fat graft - stem cells

• References

• 1 Sherris DA, Otley CC, Bartley GB. Comprehensive treatment of the aging face—cutaneous and structural rejuvenation. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73 (2) 139-146
• 2 Kahn DM, Shaw RB. Overview of current thoughts on facial volume and aging. Facial Plast Surg 2010; 26 (5) 350-355
• 3 Kontis TC, Rivkin A. The history of injectable facial fillers. Facial Plast Surg 2009; 25 (2) 67-72
• 4 Narins RS, Brandt F, Leyden J, Lorenc ZP, Rubin M, Smith S. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of Restylane versus Zyplast for the correction of nasolabial folds. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29 (6) 588-595
• 5 Lindqvist C, Tveten S, Bondevik BE, Fagrell D. A randomized, evaluator-blind, multicenter comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of Perlane versus Zyplast in the correction of nasolabial folds. Plast Reconstr Surg 2005; 115 (1) 282-289
• 6 Baumann LS, Shamban AT, Lupo MP , et al; JUVEDERM vs. ZYPLAST Nasolabial Fold Study Group. Comparison of smooth-gel hyaluronic acid dermal fillers with cross-linked bovine collagen: a multicenter, double-masked, randomized, within-subject study. Dermatol Surg 2007; 33 (Suppl. 02) S128-S135
• 7 Kontis TC. Contemporary review of injectable facial fillers. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2013; 15 (1) 58-64
• 8 Marten TJ, Elyassnia D. Fat grafting in facial rejuvenation. Clin Plast Surg 2015; 42 (2) 219-252
• 9 Locke MB, de Chalain TMB. Current practice in autologous fat transplantation: suggested clinical guidelines based on a review of recent literature. Ann Plast Surg 2008; 60 (1) 98-102
• 10 MacArthur BD, Oreffo RO. Bridging the gap. Nature 2005; 433 (7021) 19
• 11 Getgood A, Brooks R, Fortier L, Rushton N. Articular cartilage tissue engineering: today's research, tomorrow's practice?. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2009; 91 (5) 565-576
• 12 Zuk PA, Zhu M, Mizuno H , et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng 2001; 7 (2) 211-228
• 13 Nguyen A, Guo J, Banyard DA , et al. Stromal vascular fraction: a regenerative reality? Part 1: Current concepts and review of the literature. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016; 69 (2) 170-179
• 14 Matsumoto D, Sato K, Gonda K , et al. Cell-assisted lipotransfer: supportive use of human adipose-derived cells for soft tissue augmentation with lipoinjection. Tissue Eng 2006; 12 (12) 3375-3382
• 15 Li J, Gao J, Cha P , et al. Supplementing fat grafts with adipose stromal cells for cosmetic facial contouring. Dermatol Surg 2013; 39 (3, Pt 1): 449-456
• 16 Wittmann K, Dietl S, Ludwig N , et al. Engineering vascularized adipose tissue using the stromal-vascular fraction and fibrin hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21 (7–8) 1343-1353
• 17 Chiu YC, Cheng MH, Uriel S, Brey EM. Materials for engineering vascularized adipose tissue. J Tissue Viability 2011; 20 (2) 37-48