Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2017; 11(02): 100-107
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618956
Übersichtsarbeit
Schattauer GmbH

Therapie der Adipositas und physiologische Regelungsmechanismen

Neue Erkenntnisse zur Set-Point TheorieTreatment of obesity and physiological regulationNew findings on the set-point theory
W. Kern
1   Endokrinologikum Ulm, Ulm
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
29 December 2017 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Laut World Health Organization (WHO) nimmt die Zahl der adipösen Menschen weltweit stetig zu und eine Trendwende in dieser Entwicklung ist nicht erkennbar. Das Gewicht wird durch hormonelle und neurochemische Prozesse stabilisiert und alle Versuche, dieses dauerhaft nach unten zu korrigieren, scheitern oft. Nach zunächst erfolgreicher Gewichtsreduktion steuert der Körper innerhalb kurzer Zeit wieder seinen alten „Set-Point” an. Nur das Verständnis dieser Regulationsmechanismen kann das Feld für die Entwicklung dauerhaft erfolgreicher Therapien eröffnen. Ergebnisse aus der aktuellen Forschung legen die Vermutung nahe, dass der „Set-Point” im Hypothalamus gespeichert ist und im Fall eines Gewichtsverlustes durch neurochemische Prozesse „verteidigt” wird. Dies ist vermutlich der Hauptgrund, warum eine Gewichtszunahme so viel einfacher ist, als Gewicht zu verlieren. Die Mechanismen zu verstehen, die dazu führen, dass bei manchen Menschen Diät-Versuche permanent scheitern, während andere jedoch nie übergewichtig werden, ist eines der Schlüsselgebiete der aktuellen Forschung. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Forschung zum Set-Point näher beleuchtet.

Summary

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of obese persons worldwide increases constantly, and a downwards trend is not in sight. The body weight is stabilized by hormonal and neurochemical processes, and attempts to reduce the body weight fail in most persons. After an initially successful weight reduction, significant weight regain over subsequent years to the level of its previous „set-point” is nearly universal. Only a detailed knowledge about the precise mechanism of body weight regulation can open up the field of research for sustainably acting treatments for obesity. Results from current research suggest that the „set-point” is stored in hypothalamic regions of the brain, which is ′defended′ by neurochemical processes triggered by weight loss. This seems to be the main reasons why, in the long-term, weight regain is more likely to occur than weight loss. To understand the mechanisms why in some persons any attempts to reduce weight permanently fail, while others remain lean, is one of the key areas of current obesity research. The present article gives an overview of the current state of research in the field of set-point theory.

 
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