Monogene Diabetesformen

Zusammenfassung

Monogene Diabetesformen sind selten. Dennoch sollte bei Patienten, die ihren Diabetes als Jugendliche oder junge Erwachsenen bekommen, einen niedrigen Insulinbedarf haben, keine Betazellimmunität aufweisen und schlank sind, an einen monogenen Diabetes gedacht werden. Die Diagnose hat Konsequenzen sowohl für die Therapie (oft mit oralen Antidiabetika) als auch für die Prognose und das Auftreten von Begleiterkrankungen. Beim Diabetes mit Manifestation vor dem 6. Lebensmonat ist auf jeden Fall eine genetische Diagnostik erforderlich, da diese entscheidende therapeutische und prognostische Bedeutung hat.

Summary

Monogenic diabetes ist rare. However, monogenic diabetes should be considered in patients with low insulin demand, without signs of beta cell autoimmunity, or in slim adolescents or young adults. The diagnosis of these diabetes subtypes has imminent consequences for treatment and prognosis. Oral antidiabetics might work better than insulin. If a very young infant with below 6 months of age presents with diabetes genetic testing for neonatal diabetes is essential. In these cases oral antidiabetics might also be better for good glycemic control without hypoglycemia and even be treatment for the pathophysiologic cause of the disease.

Schlüsselwörter

MODY - neonataler Diabetes - monogener Diabetes

Keywords

Maturity onset diabetes of the young - neonatal diabetes - monogenic diabetes

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