Methods Inf Med 1992; 31(04): 247-255
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1634883
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

On the Detection of the Number of Signals in Multilead ECGs

G. J. H. Uijen
1   Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Nijmegen, Nijmegen
,
A. van Oosterom
2   Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
07 February 2018 (online)

Abstract:

New methods which have been developed in the field of signal processing to detect the number of intrinsic source signals in a set of multiple signals have been studied in their application to the analysis of multilead ECGs (body surface maps). All these methods are based on the analysis of the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix related to the observed data. By using artificial multilead ECGs in which the properties of the signal and noise parts were known, the effect of taking into account these properties was investigated. It was found that the method based on information-theoretic criteria was superior in detecting the number of signal components, in the case that the noise in the data is non-white, as compared to a simple threshold method.

 
  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Zywietz C. Zum Informationsgehalt von EKG Ableitungssystemen. Biomedizinische Technik 1978; 23: 16-22.
  • 2 Nelson CV, Geselowitz DB. The Theoretical Basis of Electrocardiography, chapter 19. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1976
  • 3 Barr RC, Spach MS. Sampling rates required for digital recording of intracellular and extracellular cardiac potentials. Circulation 1977; 55: 40-8.
  • 4 Barr RC, Spach MS, Herman-Giddens S. Selection of the number and positions of the measuring location for electrocardiography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1971; 18: 125-38.
  • 5 Lux RL, Smith CR, Wyatt RE, Abildskov JA. Limited lead selection for estimation of body surface potential maps in electrocardiography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1978; 25: 270-6.
  • 6 Papoulis A. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes. London: McGraw-Hill, 1984.;
  • 7 Lux RL, Evans AK, Burgers MJ, Wyatt RF, Abildskov JA. Redundancy reduction for improved display and analysis of body surface potential maps I: Spatial compression. Circ Res 1981; 49: 186-96.
  • 8 Evans AK, Lux RL, Burgess MJ, Wyatt RF, Abildskov JA. Redundancy reduction for improved display and analysis of body surface potential maps II: Temporal compression. Circ Res 1981; 49: 197-203.
  • 9 Uijen GJH, Heringa A, van Oosterom A. Data reduction of body surface potentials by means of orthogonal expansions. IEEE Trans on Biomed Eng 1984; 31: 706-14.
  • 10 Lawley DN. Tests of significance for the latent roots of covariance and correlation matrices. Biometrika 1956; 43: 128-36.
  • 11 Anderson TW. Asymptotic theory for principal component analysis. Ann Math Stat 1963; 34: 122-48.
  • 12 Muirhead RJ. Latent roots and matrix var-iates a review of some asymptomatic results. Ann Statist 1978; 06: 5-33.
  • 13 Rao CR. Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications. New York: John Wiley; 1973
  • 14 Wax M, Kailath T. Detection of signals by information theoretic criteria. IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Proc 1985; 33: 387-92.
  • 15 van Oosterom A. The role of computer modelling in electrocardiography. Meth Inf Med 1990; 29: 282-8.
  • 16 Golub GH, Van Loan CF. Matrix Computations, second edition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1989
  • 17 Zhao LC, Krishnaiah PR, Bai ZD. On detection of the number of signals in presence of white noise. J Multivar Anal 1986; 20: 1-25.
  • 18 Zhao LC, Krishnaiah PR, Bai ZD. On detection of the number of signals when the noise covariance matrix is arbitrary. J Multivar Anal 1986; 20: 26-49.
  • 19 Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans on Automatic Control 1974; 19: 716-23.
  • 20 Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Statist 1978; 06: 461-4.
  • 21 Rissanen J. Modeling by shortest data description. Automatica 1978; 14: 465-71.
  • 22 Rissanen J. A universal prior for integers and estimation by minimum description length. Ann Statist 1983; 11: 416-31.
  • 23 Uijen GJH, van Oosterom A, van Dam RTh. Body surface potential maps computed from the Standard 12-lead ECG. In: Abel H. ed. Electrocardiology 1988. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1989: 239-45.
  • 24 Forsythe GE, Malcolm MA, Moler CB. Computer Methods for Mathematical Computations, chapter 9. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1977
  • 25 Jenkins GM, Watts DG. Spectral Analysis and its Applications. San Francisco: Hol-den-Day; 1969