Download PDF
Am J Perinatol 2019; 36(04): 383-392
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1668554
Original Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Cross-Generational Contributors to Preterm Birth in California: Singletons Based on Race/Ethnicity

Lissa N. Francois
1   Maternal Fetal Medicine Center, Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, California
,
Juan Yang
2   Genetic Disease Screening Program, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
,
Rebecca J. Baer
3   Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
4   California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, California
,
Paul J. Chung
5   Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
,
Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski
4   California Preterm Birth Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, California
6   Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
,
Tumaini R. Coker
7   Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
8   Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
› Author Affiliations Funding This research was supported by funding from the California Preterm Birth Initiative within the University of California, San Francisco.
Further Information

Publication History

17 January 2018

11 July 2018

Publication Date:
19 August 2018 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective Multiple studies have examined cross-generational patterns of preterm birth (PTB), yet results have been inconsistent and generally focused on primarily white populations. We examine the cross-generational PTB risk across racial/ethnic groups.

Study Design Retrospective study of 388,474 grandmother–mother–infant triads with infants drawn from birth registry of singleton live births between 2005 and 2011 in California. Using logistic regression (odds ratios [ORs] and confidence intervals [CIs]), we examined the risk of preterm delivery by gestational age, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and obstetric clinical characteristics stratified by maternal race/ethnicity.

Results The risk of having a preterm infant <32 weeks was greater for women born at <32 weeks (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62–2.70) and 32 to 36 weeks (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.35–1.70). This increased risk of preterm delivery was present among women in all race/ethnicity groups (white [AOR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.52–2.63), black [AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.37–2.34], Hispanic [AOR: 2.39, 95% CI: 2.05–2.79], and Asian [AOR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.20–3.91]), with hypertension as the only consistent risk factor associated with increased risk of preterm delivery.

Conclusion Our findings suggest a cross-generational risk of PTB that is consistent across race/ethnicity with hypertension as the only consistent risk factor.

Keywords

birth - outcome - gestational age - preterm birth
 

  • References

  • 1 Alberman E, Emanuel I, Filakti H, Evans SJ. The contrasting effects of parental birthweight and gestational age on the birthweight of offspring. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1992; 6 (02) 134-144
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Hamilton BE, Martin JA, Osterman MJK, Curtin SC, Matthews MA, Matthews TJ. Births: final data for 2014. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2015; 64 (12) 1-64
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008; 371 (9606): 75-84
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Tucker J, McGuire W. Epidemiology of preterm birth. BMJ 2004; 329 (7467): 675-678
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Romero R, Espinoza J, Kusanovic JP. , et al. The preterm parturition syndrome. BJOG 2006; 113 (Suppl. 03) 17-42
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E. , et al; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med 2003; 348 (24) 2379-2385
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 da Fonseca EB, Bittar RE, Carvalho MH, Zugaib M. Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188 (02) 419-424
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Owen J, Hankins G, Iams JD. , et al. Multicenter randomized trial of cerclage for preterm birth prevention in high-risk women with shortened midtrimester cervical length. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 201 (04) 375.e1-375.e8
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 To MS, Alfirevic Z, Heath VC. , et al; Fetal Medicine Foundation Second Trimester Screening Group. Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm delivery in women with short cervix: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 363 (9424): 1849-1853
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 McManemy J, Cooke E, Amon E, Leet T. Recurrence risk for preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196 (06) 576.e1-576.e6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 DeFranco E, Teramo K, Muglia L. Genetic influences on preterm birth. Semin Reprod Med 2007; 25 (01) 40-51
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Adams MM, Elam-Evans LD, Wilson HG, Gilbertz DA. Rates of and factors associated with recurrence of preterm delivery. JAMA 2000; 283 (12) 1591-1596
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Berkowitz GS, Blackmore-Prince C, Lapinski RH, Savitz DA. Risk factors for preterm birth subtypes. Epidemiology 1998; 9 (03) 279-285
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Varner MW, Esplin MS. Current understanding of genetic factors in preterm birth. BJOG 2005; 112 (Suppl. 01) 28-31
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Spong CY. Prediction and prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2007; 110 (2 Pt 1): 405-415
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Demissie K, Rhoads GG, Ananth CV. , et al. Trends in preterm birth and neonatal mortality among blacks and whites in the United States from 1989 to 1997. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154 (04) 307-315
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Genç MR, Gerber S, Nesin M, Witkin SS. Polymorphism in the interleukin-1 gene complex and spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 187 (01) 157-163
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Ward K. Genetic factors in preterm birth. BJOG 2003; 110 (Suppl. 20) 117
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Wilcox AJ, Skjaerven R, Lie RT. Familial patterns of preterm delivery: maternal and fetal contributions. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167 (04) 474-479
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Bhattacharya S, Raja EA, Mirazo ER. , et al. Inherited predisposition to spontaneous preterm delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115 (06) 1125-1133
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Goldenberg RL, Cliver SP, Mulvihill FX. , et al. Medical, psychosocial, and behavioral risk factors do not explain the increased risk for low birth weight among black women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175 (05) 1317-1324
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Klebanoff MA, Schulsinger C, Mednick BR, Secher NJ. Preterm and small-for-gestational-age birth across generations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176 (03) 521-526
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Boivin A, Luo ZC, Audibert F. , et al. Risk for preterm and very preterm delivery in women who were born preterm. Obstet Gynecol 2015; 125 (05) 1177-1184
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Collins Jr JW, Hammond NA. Relation of maternal race to the risk of preterm, non-low birth weight infants: a population study. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143 (04) 333-337
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Kistka ZA, Palomar L, Lee KA. , et al. Racial disparity in the frequency of recurrence of preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196 (02) 131.e1-131.e6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Porter TF, Fraser AM, Hunter CY, Ward RH, Varner MW. The risk of preterm birth across generations. Obstet Gynecol 1997; 90 (01) 63-67
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Shiono PH, Klebanoff MA. Ethnic differences in preterm and very preterm delivery. Am J Public Health 1986; 76 (11) 1317-1321
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Selling KE, Carstensen J, Finnström O, Sydsjö G. Intergenerational effects of preterm birth and reduced intrauterine growth: a population-based study of Swedish mother-offspring pairs. BJOG 2006; 113 (04) 430-440
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Jacobsson B, Ladfors L, Milsom I. Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104 (04) 727-733
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Smid MC, Lee JH, Grant JH. , et al. Maternal race and intergenerational preterm birth recurrence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217 (04) 480.e1-480.e9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Castrillio SM, Rankin KM, David RJ, Collins Jr JW. Small-for-gestational age and preterm birth across generations: a population-based study of Illinois births. Matern Child Health J 2014; 18 (10) 2456-2464
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Census Data and Tools. Available at: https://www.census.gov/data/data-tools.html . Accessed December 2, 2018
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Talge NM, Mudd LM, Sikorskii A, Basso O. United States birth weight reference corrected for implausible gestational age estimates. Pediatrics 2014; 133 (05) 844-853
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Fraser AM, Brockert JE, Ward RH. Association of young maternal age with adverse reproductive outcomes. N Engl J Med 1995; 332 (17) 1113-1117
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Smith GC, Pell JP. Teenage pregnancy and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with first and second births: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2001; 323 (7311): 476
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Jelliffe-Pawlowski LL, Baer RJ, Blumenfeld YJ. , et al. Maternal characteristics and mid-pregnancy serum biomarkers as risk factors for subtypes of preterm birth. BJOG 2015; 122 (11) 1484-1493
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Goldenberg RL, Rouse DJ. Prevention of premature birth. N Engl J Med 1998; 339 (05) 313-320
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Mogren I, Högberg U, Winkvist A, Stenlund H. Familial occurrence of preeclampsia. Epidemiology 1999; 10 (05) 518-522
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 McDonald SD, Best C, Lam K. The recurrence risk of severe de novo pre-eclampsia in singleton pregnancies: a population-based cohort. BJOG 2009; 116 (12) 1578-1584
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar