Download PDF
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2018; 235(09): 1043-1048
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-122341
Übersicht
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Die Visusminderung in Zusammenhang mit Silikonöltamponaden

Vision Loss in Association with Silicone Oil
J. Tode
Ophthalmologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
,
J. Roider
Ophthalmologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

eingereicht 12 November 2016

akzeptiert 21 November 2016

Publication Date:
23 January 2017 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

ein dauerhafter Visusverlust beobachtet. Bei den meisten dieser Patienten liegt dieser Visusminderung eine Ausdünnung der inneren Netzhautschichten zugrunde. Die hierfür ursächliche Pathologie ist nach wie vor unklar. Ein direkter Zusammenhang der Visusminderung mit dem Silikonöl ist wahrscheinlich, aber nicht belegt. Bei Patienten, die eine Gas- oder keine Tamponade erhalten haben, gibt es diese Beobachtung nicht. Die Visusminderung während oder nach Entfernung einer Silikonöltamponade ist ein unterschätztes Phänomen. Die Sicherheit von Silikonöl als vitreoretinale Tamponade sollte erneut und systematisch untersucht werden. Es scheint lohnenswert, nach neuen dauerhaften intraokularen Tamponaden zu suchen. Eine Verwendung von Silikonöl sollte in jedem Einzelfall genauestens abgewogen werden.

Abstract

Silicone oil tamponades have been a key feature of vitreoretinal surgery for more than 40 years. The use of these durable vitreous substitutes has not only been limited to tractive retinal detachments, inflammatory chorioretinopathies or other complicated vitreoretinal diseases, but also to macular holes and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. During the last 12 years, an increasing number of cases of vision loss during or after the removal of silicone oil have been reported in the literature. In up to one third of patients with uncomplicated macula-attached retinal detachment with good preoperative vision, continuing vision loss is seen. In most of these cases, thinning of the inner retinal layers can be found. The underlying pathological mechanism is unknown. A direct connection to silicone oil is likely, but has not been proven. However, the increasing number of reports raises evidence that silicone oil itself might be the reason for this phenomenon, which is not observed in gas tamponades. Vision loss during or after the removal of silicone oil is an underestimated problem. The safety and toxicity of silicone oil should be reexamined systematically. The search for novel vitreous replacements is indispensable. The use of silicone oil should be strictly evaluated and balanced against other possible tamponades in every individual case.

Schlüsselwörter

Silikonöl - Vitrektomie - Visusminderung - vitreoretinale Chirurgie

Key words

silicone oil - vitrectomy - vision loss - vitreoretinal surgery
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Machemer R, Buettner H, Norton EW. et al. Vitrectomy: a pars plana approach. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1971; 75: 813-820
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Chang S, Lincoff HA, Coleman DJ. et al. Perfluorocarbon gases in vitreous surgery. Ophthalmology 1985; 92: 651-656
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Lincoff A, Haft D, Liggett P. et al. Intravitreal expansion of perfluorocarbon bubbles. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98: 1646
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Zivojnović R, Mertens DA, Baarsma GS. [Fluid silicon in detachment for surgery (authorʼs transl)]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1981; 179: 17-22
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Schwartz SG, Flynn jr. HW, Lee WH. et al. Tamponade in surgery for retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; (02) CD006126
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Shen YD, Yang CM. Extended silicone oil tamponade in primary vitrectomy for complex retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a long-term follow-up study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 954-960
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Hillenkamp J, Nolle B, Bruns C. et al. Acute retinal necrosis: clinical features, early vitrectomy, and outcomes. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1971-1975.e2
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Schurmans A, Van Calster J, Stalmans P. Macular hole surgery with inner limiting membrane peeling, endodrainage, and heavy silicone oil tamponade. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147: 495-500
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Van De Moere A, Stalmans P. Anatomical and visual outcome of macular hole surgery with infracyanine green-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane, endodrainage, and silicone oil tamponade. Am J Ophthalmol 2003; 136: 879-887
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Bambas B, Eckardt C, Vowinkel E. et al. [Toxic substances with silicone oil after intraocular injections]. Ophthalmologe 1995; 92: 663-667
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Mukai N, Lee PF, Oguri M. et al. A long-term evaluation of silicone retinopathy in monkeys. Can J Ophthalmol 1975; 10: 391-402
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Mukai N, Lee PF, Schepens CL. Intravitreous injection of silicone: an experimental study. II. Histochemistry and electron microscopy. Ann Ophthalmol 1972; 4: 273-287
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Papp A, Kiss EB, Timar O. et al. Long-term exposure of the rabbit eye to silicone oil causes optic nerve atrophy. Brain Res Bull 2007; 74: 130-133
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Pastor JC, Lopez MI, Saornil MA. et al. Intravitreal silicone and fluorosilicone oils: pathologic findings in rabbit eyes. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1992; 70: 651-658
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Inoue M, Iriyama A, Kadonosono K. et al. Effects of perfluorocarbon liquids and silicone oil on human retinal pigment epithelial cells and retinal ganglion cells. Retina 2009; 29: 677-681
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Laqua H, Lucke K, Foerster MH. [Development and current status of silicone oil surgery]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1988; 192: 277-283
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Lucke KH, Foerster MH, Laqua H. Long-term results of vitrectomy and silicone oil in 500 cases of complicated retinal detachments. Am J Ophthalmol 1987; 104: 624-633
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Cazabon S, Groenewald C, Pearce IA. et al. Visual loss following removal of intraocular silicone oil. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 799-802
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Christensen UC, la Cour M. Visual loss after use of intraocular silicone oil associated with thinning of inner retinal layers. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90: 733-737
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Herbert EN, Habib M, Steel D. et al. Central scotoma associated with intraocular silicone oil tamponade develops before oil removal. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244: 248-252
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Moya R, Chandra A, Banerjee PJ. et al. The incidence of unexplained visual loss following removal of silicone oil. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29: 1477-1482
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Newsom RS, Johnston R, Sullivan PM. et al. Sudden visual loss after removal of silicone oil. Retina 2004; 24: 871-877
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Rani PK, Raman R, Bhende P. et al. Visual loss may be due to silicone oil tamponade effect rather than silicone oil removal. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 1667
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Scheerlinck LM, Schellekens PA, Liem AT. et al. Incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of unexplained visual loss after intraocular silicone oil for macula-on retinal detachment. Retina 2016; 36: 342-350
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Tode J, Purtskhvanidze K, Oppermann T. et al. Vision loss under silicone oil tamponade. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254: 1465-1471
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Toso A, Cappello E, Morselli S. Unexpected and permanent central visual loss after removal of intraocular silicone oil. Clin Ophthalmol 2014; 8: 1831-1836
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Williams PD, Fuller CG, Scott IU. et al. Vision loss associated with the use and removal of intraocular silicone oil. Clin Ophthalmol 2008; 2: 955-959
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Scheerlinck LM, Kuiper JJ, Liem AT. et al. Electrolyte composition of retro-oil fluid and silicone oil-related visual loss. Acta Ophthalmol 2016; 94: 449-453
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Oppel O. [Studies on the distribution and number of retinal ganglion cells in the human]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1967; 172: 1-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Caramoy A, Droege KM, Kirchhof B. et al. Retinal layers measurements in healthy eyes and in eyes receiving silicone oil-based endotamponade. Acta Ophthalmol 2014; 92: e292-e297
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Shalchi Z, Mahroo OA, Shunmugam M. et al. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in long-term silicone oil-related visual loss. Retina 2015; 35: 555-563
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Errera MH, Liyanage SE, Elgohary M. et al. Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging to identify the presence of retinal silicone oil emulsification after silicone oil tamponade. Retina 2013; 33: 1567-1573
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Mrejen S, Sato T, Fisher Y. et al. Intraretinal and intra-optic nerve head silicone oil vacuoles using adaptive optics. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2014; 45: 71-73
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Shields CL, Eagle jr. RC. Pseudo-Schnabelʼs cavernous degeneration of the optic nerve secondary to intraocular silicone oil. Arch Ophthalmol 1989; 107: 714-717
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Kiilgaard JF, Milea D, Logager V. et al. Cerebral migration of intraocular silicone oil: an MRI study. Acta Ophthalmol 2011; 89: 522-525
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Kuhn F, Kover F, Szabo I. et al. Intracranial migration of silicone oil from an eye with optic pit. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244: 1360-1362
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Yu JT, Apte RS. A case of intravitreal silicone oil migration to the central nervous system. Retina 2005; 25: 791-793
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Dogramaci M, Williams K, Lee E. et al. Foveal light exposure is increased at the time of removal of silicone oil with the potential for phototoxicity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251: 35-39
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Refojo MF, Leong FL, Chung H. et al. Extraction of retinol and cholesterol by intraocular silicone oils. Ophthalmology 1988; 95: 614-618
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Winter M, Eberhardt W, Scholz C. et al. Failure of potassium siphoning by Müller cells: a new hypothesis of perfluorocarbon liquid-induced retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41: 256-261
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Raftopoulos R, Hickman SJ, Toosy A. et al. Phenytoin for neuroprotection in patients with acute optic neuritis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2016; 15: 259-269
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Asaria RH, Kon CH, Bunce C. et al. Silicone oil concentrates fibrogenic growth factors in the retro-oil fluid. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88: 1439-1442
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Adelman RA, Parnes AJ, Sipperley JO. et al. Strategy for the management of complex retinal detachments: the European Vitreo-Retinal Society Retinal Detachment Study Report 2. Ophthalmology 2013; 120: 1809-1813
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Herbert EN, Liew SH, Williamson TH. Visual loss after silicone oil removal. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89: 1667-1668
    PubMedGoogle Scholar