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Int J Sports Med 2017; 38(09): 707-716
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-101376
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Neuromuscular Adaptations to Combined Strength and Endurance Training: Order and Time-of-Day

Maria Küüsmaa-Schildt
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Univeristy of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
,
Daniela Eklund
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Univeristy of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
,
Janne Avela
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Univeristy of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
,
Tuomas Rytkönen
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Univeristy of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
,
Robert Newton
2   School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
,
Mikel Izquierdo
3   Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Tudela, Spain
,
Keijo Häkkinen
1   Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Univeristy of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 12 January 2017

Publication Date:
13 July 2017 (online)

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Abstract

The present study examined the effects of 24 weeks of morning vs. evening same-session combined strength (S) and endurance (E) training on neuromuscular and endurance performance. Fifty-one men were assigned to the morning (m) or evening (e) training group, where S preceded E or vice versa (SEm, ESm, SEe and ESe), or to the control group. Isometric force, voluntary activation, EMG and peak wattage during the maximal cycling test were measured. Training time did not significantly affect the adaptations. Therefore, data are presented for SEm+e (SEm+SEe) and ESm+e (ESm+ESe). In the morning, no order specific gains were observed in neuromuscular performance. In the evening, the changes in isometric force (SEm+e 15.9±16.7%, p=0.001; ESm+e 4.1±12.2%, p=0.615) and EMG (SEm+e 38.3±31.7%, p=0.001; ESm+e 14.67±36.44%, p=0.486) were larger (p=0.014) in SEm+e than in ESm+e and in voluntary activation larger (p=0.026) in SEm+e compared to controls. Peak wattage increased in the morning (SEm+e 15.9±9.2%, ESm+e 22.0±7.0%; p<0.001) and evening (SEm+e 16.3±7.2%, ESm+e 21.0±9.0%; p<0.001) but were larger (p<0.05) in ESm+e. The current training program led to greater neuromuscular adaptations when SE-training was performed in the evening, whereas the ES-training provided more optimal conditions for endurance performance adaptations both in the morning and evening.

Key words

diurnal rhythms - EMG - voluntary activation - concurrent training - muscle force
 

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