Z Gastroenterol 2017; 55(09): 856-860
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-112655
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Three modalities on common bile duct exploration

Drei Modalitäten für das Management der Choledocholithiasis
Yong Zhou
1   Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Xu-Dong Wu
2   Department of Gastroenterology, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Wen-Zhang Zha
1   Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Ren-Gen Fan
1   Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Biao Zhang
1   Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Yong-Hua Xu
1   Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Cheng-Lin Qin
1   Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
,
Jing Jia
3   Department of Nephrology, Yancheng City No. 1 People’s Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

24 April 2016

29 May 2017

Publication Date:
01 August 2017 (online)

Abstract

Background Choledocholithiasis can be managed by transcystic (TC) and transduct (TD) stone extraction or using cholangioscopy through the left hepatic duct orifice (LHD).

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of common bile duct exploration through the TC approach, TD approach, and LHD approach for choledocholithiasis, with a specific emphasis on the TC and LHD approaches versus the TD approach.

Methods Between January 2011 and June 2014, a total of 172 choledocholithiasis patients accompanied by cholecystitis and/or left intrahepatic gallstones were scheduled for laparoscopic or open common bile duct (CBD) exploration using cholangioscopy through the CBD (TD group: n = 72), cystic duct (TC group: n = 63), or LHD orifice (LHD group: n = 37). T-tube insertion was performed in selected patients. Patients were regularly followed up at bimonthly intervals or more frequently in presence of any symptom. Primary outcomes measures included overall operative time, length of hospital stay, and postoperative bile leaks.

Results Successful bile duct clearance was 100 % in the TD group, 93.6 % in the TC group, and 90.9 % in the LHD group. Sixteen cases in the TD group had T-tube placement in contrast to no cases in the TC and LHD groups. There were more bile leaks after TD stone extraction (12.5 %) than TC (3.2 %) and LHD stone extraction (0 %), which prolonged hospitalization in the TD group more than in the TC and LHD groups. For choledocholithiasis patients accompanied by cholecystitis, 2 groups (TC and TD groups) were comparable in operative time. However, for choledocholithiasis patients accompanied by left intrahepatic gallstones, the LHD group had a significantly shorter operative time than the TD group (121.1 ± 16.9 minutes vs. 149.3 ± 42.8 minutes, p < 0.05).

Conclusion The TD group had a higher stone clearance rate but was associated with a higher risk of bile leaks. TC and LHD stone extraction, which seems to be the more effective approach with lower complication rates, is an accessible technique that simplifies the operation procedure by avoiding choledochotomy and subsequent T-tube insertion.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Zur Behandlung einer Choledocholithiasis stehen die Steinextraktion durch die Gallenblase (transcystic, TC), durch den Ductus choledochus (transduct, TD) oder – mittels Cholangioskopie – über die Mündung des linken Leberganges (left hepatic duct, LHD) zur Verfügung.

Ziele Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Sicherheit und Effektivität der Exploration des Hauptgallengangs bei Choledocholithiasis über TC, TD und LHD zu bewerten mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf dem Vergleich der Zugänge über TC und LHD versus TD.

Methodik Von Januar 2011 bis Juni 2014 wurde bei insgesamt 172 Patienten mit Choledocholithiasis und / oder mit intrahepatischen Gallensteinen sowie begleitender Cholezystitis eine laparoskopische oder offene Exploration des Hauptgallengangs (CBD) durchgeführt, davon 72 mit einer Cholangioskopie über den CBD (TD-Gruppe), 63 über den Gallenblasengang (TC-Gruppe) und 37 über die LHD-Mündung (LHD-Gruppe). Eine T-Drainage wurde bei ausgewählten Patienten eingelegt. Die Patienten wurden regelmäßig alle 2 Monate oder häufiger beim Auftreten eines Symptoms nachuntersucht. Primäre Ergebnisse waren gesamte Operationszeit, Dauer des Krankenhausaufenthaltes und postoperative Gallenleckagen.

Ergebnisse Die Gallengangsanierung war in allen Fällen erfolgreich in der TD-Gruppe, in 93,6 % in der TC-Gruppe und in 90,9 in der LHD-Gruppe. In 16 Fällen der TD-Gruppe wurde eine T-Drainage eingelegt, dagegen in keinem Fall in den beiden anderen Gruppen. Nach Steinextraktion über den TD traten mit 12,5 % häufiger Galleleckagen auf als in der TC-Gruppe (3,2 %) und der LHD-Gruppe (0 %), was die Dauer der Krankenhausaufenthalte in der TD-Gruppe stärker verlängerte als in der TC- und der LHD-Gruppe. Die Operationszeit war für die TC- und die TD-Gruppe vergleichbar, für die LHD-Gruppe deutlich kürzer (121,1 ± 16,9 min gegenüber 149,3 ± 42,8, p < 0,05).

Schlussfolgerung Die TD-Steinentfernung war mit einer höheren Erfolgsrate, aber auch mit einem höheren Risiko von Gallenleckagen verbunden. Mit der TC- und der LHD-Steinextraktion stehen Verfahren mit geringeren Komplikationsraten zur Verfügung, die durch Vermeiden einer Choledochotomie und folgender T-Drain-Einlage das Operationsverfahren vereinfachen.

 
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