Interventionen zur Reduzierung sitzenden Verhaltens am Büroarbeitsplatz – eine systematische Literaturanalyse

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Sitzendes Verhalten wird zunehmend als ein eigenständiger gesundheitlicher Risikofaktor eingeschätzt. Ein wesentliches Handlungsfeld für Interventionen zur Reduzierung sitzenden Verhaltens stellt deshalb der Büroarbeitsplatz dar. Dieses systematische Review untersucht, ob sitz- und/oder bewegungsspezifische Interventionen die Sitzzeiten von Büroangestellten am Arbeitsplatz reduzieren.

Methoden Von April bis Mai 2016 wurde in den Datenbanken „PubMed“, „PsycINFO“ und „SPORTDiscus“ eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Insgesamt ließen sich 17 Studien identifizieren, welche die Sitzzeiten von Büroangestellten untersuchten. Die relevanten Studien wurden in einer „Best Evidence Synthesis“ zusammengefasst. Zusätzlich wurde eine Moderatoranalyse (u. a. Interventionsmethoden) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Multikomponenten-Interventionen und Sitz-Steh-Arbeitsstationen sind vielversprechend zur Reduzierung der Sitzzeiten von Büroangestellten. In der Moderatoranalyse fiel der Anteil signifikant positiver Interventionsergebnisse für die Interventionsmethoden „Umweltveränderungen“, „Hinzufügen von Objekten zur Umgebung“ und „Anleitungen, um ein Verhalten auszuführen“ am höchsten aus. Interventionen mit spezifischem Fokus auf das Sitzen sowie Studien mit objektiver Messmethodik zur Erhebung der Sitzzeit zeigten sich erfolgversprechender.

Schlussfolgerung Es existieren verschiedene erfolgversprechende Interventionen zur Reduzierung der Sitzzeiten am Büroarbeitsplatz. Hier sind Mehrkomponenten-Interventionen und die Installation von Sitz-Steh-Arbeitsstationen hervorzuheben. Wenig Evidenz liegt für die Langzeitwirkung vor. Die Heterogenität der Studien schränkt zudem allgemeingültige Wirksamkeitsaussagen ein. Zukünftige Studien sollten Interventionen stärker theoriebasiert planen und die Sitzzeiten mithilfe subjektiver und objektiver Messinstrumente erfassen.

Abstract

Background Sedentary behaviour is a health risk factor independent of physical activity. Interventions that aim to reduce sitting at the workplace are particularly important as office workers spend a large proportion of their working hours sitting. This systematic review examines whether these interventions (SB or PA interventions during work time) reduce sitting time among office workers and which variables moderate intervention effects.

Methods A systematic literature search was conducted from April to May 2016 in the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus. In total, we identified 17 studies that assessed the time spent in sedentary behaviour at the office workplace. To summarize the study results, we applied a best-evidence synthesis. Additionally, we evaluated potential moderators, such as intervention strategies.

Results Multi-component interventions and sit-stand workstations were most promising sedentary reduction interventions. The analysis of moderators highlighted that the proportion of positive intervention effects was higher in interventions based on the strategies “environmental restructuring”, “adding objects to the environment” and “instructions on how to carry out the behaviour”. Furthermore, interventions focusing on sedentary behaviour only and studies using objective measurement tools showed more often positive interventions effects.

Conclusions There are many promising interventions to reduce sitting time at the office workplace. However, there is insufficient evidence if the effects of these interventions are sustainable in the long term. Moreover, the considerable heterogeneity of included studies limits the validity of our findings. Future intervention studies should build on a theoretical planning approach and use subjective as well as objective evaluation measures.

Schlüsselwörter

sitzendes Verhalten - Setting Betrieb - betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung - systematisches Review

Key words

sedentary behaviour - sitting - workplace - systematic review

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